Steam reforming of model gasification tar compounds over nickel catalysts prepared from hydrotalcite precursors

Abstract Nickel catalysts derived from hydrotalcite-like compounds, with 10 and 20 wt.% NiO loading, were prepared and tested in steam reforming of different tar model compounds: benzene, toluene and naphthalene. Naphthalene was used in toluene solution. The catalysts were evaluated in terms of activity with temperature and deactivation with time, using a steam/carbon ratio of 1.5. The catalysts presented similar behavior, with slightly higher conversions for the catalyst with 10% NiO in benzene and toluene reforming. H 2 formation was much lower than that predicted by thermodynamics, with CO 2 as the main product at low temperatures and CO at high temperatures. Naphthalene is much more difficult to be converted, and inhibits the toluene reforming. Both catalysts showed good stability with time on stream despite the high amount of carbon deposit and Ni sintering. The amount and morphology of the coke are dependent on the nature of aromatic compound.

[1]  Heejoon Kim,et al.  The reduction and control technology of tar during biomass gasification/pyrolysis: An overview , 2008 .

[2]  D. L Trimm,et al.  Catalysts for the control of coking during steam reforming , 1999 .

[3]  Lisbeth Rochlitz,et al.  Technical demonstration of the novel Fraunhofer ISE biomass gasification process for the production of a tar-free synthesis gas , 2013 .

[4]  D. Aranda,et al.  Hydrogen production by aqueous-phase reforming of ethanol over nickel catalysts prepared from hydrotalcite precursors , 2008 .

[5]  Chun-Zhu Li,et al.  Catalytic steam reforming of cellulose-derived compounds using a char-supported iron catalyst , 2013 .

[6]  F. Basile,et al.  Ni/Mg/Al anionic clay derived catalysts for the catalytic partial oxidation of methane : Residence time dependence of the reactivity features , 1998 .

[7]  K. Fujimoto,et al.  Development of new nickel based catalyst for tar reforming with superior resistance to sulfur poisoning and coking in biomass gasification , 2007 .

[8]  Young-Kwon Park,et al.  Steam reforming of biomass gasification tar using benzene as a model compound over various Ni supported metal oxide catalysts. , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[9]  B. Kelleher,et al.  Review of literature on catalysts for biomass gasification , 2001 .

[10]  G. Webb,et al.  Carbonaceous deposition associated with the catalytic steam-reforming of hydrocarbons over nickel alumina catalysts , 1981 .

[11]  Havva Balat,et al.  Potential contribution of biomass to the sustainable energy development. , 2009 .

[12]  D. Świerczyński,et al.  Study of steam reforming of toluene used as model compound of tar produced by biomass gasification , 2008 .

[13]  Daniel Montané,et al.  Steam reforming model compounds of biomass gasification tars: conversion at different operating conditions and tendency towards coke formation , 2001 .

[14]  Fabrizio Cavani,et al.  Hydrotalcite-type anionic clays: Preparation, properties and applications. , 1991 .

[15]  Andreas Jess,et al.  Catalytic upgrading of tarry fuel gases : A kinetic study with model components , 1996 .

[16]  A. Krause,et al.  Steam Reforming of Gasification Gas Tar over Dolomite with Benzene as a Model Compound , 1999 .

[17]  Chunshan Li,et al.  Development of new nickel based catalyst for biomass tar steam reforming producing H2-rich syngas , 2009 .

[18]  Andreas Jess,et al.  Mechanisms and kinetics of thermal reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons from pyrolysis of solid fuels , 1996 .

[19]  Xiaolu Yi,et al.  Steam reforming of toluene as model compound of biomass pyrolysis tar for hydrogen , 2010 .

[20]  C. Xu,et al.  Recent advances in catalysts for hot-gas removal of tar and NH3 from biomass gasification , 2010 .

[21]  D. Duprez,et al.  Deactivation of steam-reforming model catalysts by coke formation: I. Kinetics of the Formation of Filamentous Carbon in the Hydrogenolysis of cyclopentane on Ni/Al2O3 Catalysts , 1990 .

[22]  Azhar Uddin,et al.  Steam reforming of naphthalene as model biomass tar over iron–aluminum and iron–zirconium oxide catalyst catalysts , 2010 .

[23]  Xionggang Lu,et al.  Catalytic reforming of model tar compounds from hot coke oven gas with low steam/carbon ratio over Ni/MgO–Al2O3 catalysts , 2010 .

[24]  Xiaoming Zheng,et al.  Influence of supports on catalytic behavior of nickel catalysts in carbon dioxide reforming of toluene as a model compound of tar from biomass gasification. , 2011, Bioresource technology.

[25]  Gerrit Brem,et al.  Review of Catalysts for Tar Elimination in Biomass Gasification Processes , 2004 .

[26]  Kunio Suzuki,et al.  Dry reforming of methane over catalysts derived from nickel-containing Mg-Al layered double hydroxides , 2003 .