DIFFUSION IN SATURATED SOIL. II: RESULTS FOR COMPACTED CLAY

The effective diffusion coefficients, \ID\N*, of three anions (Br\u-, Cl\u-, and I\u-) and three cations (Cd²\u+, K\u+, and Zn²\u+) diffusing in two compacted clay soils, kaolinite and Lufkin clay, are measured. The ions are contained in a simulated waste leachate. The effects of molding water content and method of compaction on the measured \ID\N* values are evaluated for kaolinite. The calculated \ID\N* values varied between 4 × 10\u-¹\u0 m²/s and 2 × 10\u-\u9 m²/s and, based on the results for chloride diffusion in kaolinite, are relatively insensitive to molding water content and compaction method. The measured \ID\N* values for Cl\u- and Br\u- in kaolinite are in excellent agreement with previous studies, but the \ID\N* values for the cations are relatively high. High \ID\N* values for the cations are attributed to nonlinear adsorption behavior at relatively high concentrations and to the possibility of chemical precipitation of the heavy metal species (Cd²\u+ and Zn²\u+). Also, \ID\N* values determined from reservoir concentrations typically are higher than \ID\N* values determined from soil concentration profiles.

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