Protein - Population - Politics: How protein can be supplied sustainably in the 21 st century

Hunger is much more than not feeling full. Hunger can also mean a deficit of protein and amino acids as well as other micronutrients, such as macroelements, trace elements and vitamins. These nutritional deficits may cause illnesses and diseases, preventing affected people and populations from performing at their best and adding to the medical bill. Hunger and undernourishment can be seen as the fundamental causes of a spiral of underdevelopment – not tapping physical and mental potential – dissatisfaction and development of local and international tension.

[1]  P. Glatz,et al.  The anatomy and innervation of the chicken beak: effects of trimming and re-trimming. , 2005 .

[2]  M. Gentle,et al.  Anatomical consequences of partial beak amputation (beak trimming) in turkeys. , 1995, Research in veterinary science.

[3]  I. Duncan,et al.  Behavioural consequences of partial beak amputation (beak trimming) in poultry. , 1989, British poultry science.

[4]  M. Gentle,et al.  Behavioural and anatomical consequences of two beak trimming methods in 1- and 10-d-old domestic chicks. , 1997, British poultry science.

[5]  P. Glatz Poultry welfare issues: beak trimming. , 2005 .

[6]  N. Prescott,et al.  Visual cues used in the choice of mate by fowl and their potential importance for the breeder industry , 2000 .

[7]  M. Zuk,et al.  SOCIAL DOMINANCE, MALE BEHAVIOUR AND MATING IN MIXED-SEX FLOCKS OF RED JUNGLE FOWL , 2001 .

[8]  M. Gentle Neuroma formation following partial beak amputation (beak trimming) in the chicken. , 1986, Research in Veterinary Science.

[9]  M. Gentle,et al.  Neural consequences of partial toe amputation in chickens. , 1988, Research in veterinary science.

[10]  F. Struwe,et al.  Stress measurements on beak-trimmed and untrimmed pullets. , 1992, Poultry science.

[11]  H. Blokhuis,et al.  Effects of beak trimming and floor type on feed consumption and body weight of pullets during rearing. , 1987, Poultry science.

[12]  W. Muir,et al.  Selection and beak-trimming effects on behavior, cannibalism, and short-term production traits in White Leghorn pullets. , 1991, Poultry Science.

[13]  G. F. Godfrey,et al.  The Effect of Dubbing, Environmental Temperature and Social Dominance on Mating Activity and Fertility in the Domestic Fowl , 1952 .

[14]  J. Rifkin Beyond Beef: The Rise and Fall of the Cattle Culture , 1992 .

[15]  J. Carter,et al.  The man who fed the world : nobel peace prize laureate Norman Borlaug and his battle to end world hunger : an authorized biography , 2006 .

[16]  G. Flachowsky Efficiency of Energy and Nutrient Use in the Production of Edible Protein of Animal Origin , 2002 .

[17]  D. Waddington,et al.  Behavioural evidence for persistent pain following partial beak amputation in chickens , 1990 .

[18]  M. Gentle Beak trimming in poultry , 1986 .

[19]  M. Gentle,et al.  Beak trimming of poultry: its implications for welfare , 1995 .

[20]  W. Becker,et al.  Food balance sheets. , 1991, WHO regional publications. European series.

[21]  G. Flachowsky,et al.  Possibilities for reduction of nitrogen (N) excretion from ruminants and the need for further research - a review , 2006 .

[22]  J. Craig,et al.  Beak trimming and genetic stock effects on behavior and mortality from cannibalism in White Leghorn-type pullets , 1990 .

[23]  B. Hughes,et al.  An experimental investigation of the costs and benefits of beak trimming in turkeys , 1995, Veterinary Record.

[24]  M. J. Gentle,et al.  Nociceptors in the Legs of Poultry: Implications for Potential Pain in Pre-Slaughter Shackling , 2000, Animal Welfare.

[25]  Mark W. Rosegrant,et al.  outlook for fish to 2020 , 2003 .

[26]  T. Parker,et al.  Dominant male red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) test the dominance status of other males , 2002, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology.

[27]  Z. Meral Ozsoyoglu,et al.  Statistical Databases , 1984, VLDB.

[28]  M. Keyzer,et al.  Diet shifts towards meat and the effects on cereal use: can we feed the animals in 2030? , 2005 .

[29]  H. Steinfeld,et al.  Livestock's long shadow: environmental issues and options. , 2006 .

[30]  W. Bessei,et al.  The LayWel project: welfare implications of changes in production systems for laying hens , 2007 .