Instilling Knowledge Claims of Personas from 346 Research Articles

Our research goal is to summarize the body of persona knowledge by identifying knowledge claims. This can aid HCI researchers to (a) navigate persona knowledge to form an understanding of what is known about personas quickly, (b) identify central research gaps of what is not known (or said) about personas, and (c) identify claims that are not substantiated with strong empirical evidence and warrant future work. To this end, we use computational and manual techniques to extract 130 knowledge claims based on 9139 sentences from 346 persona articles and analyze whether the existing literature supports these claims. The results, clustered into four groups (“Definition”, “Creation”, “Evaluation”, and “Use”), indicate that claims regarding persona definition are characterized by a higher degree of consensus. In contrast, persona creation and use contain a high proportion of unverified claims. There are few claims concerning evaluation. Empirical research should address unverified claims and develop the ontological understanding on persona evaluation.

[1]  Farshid Anvari,et al.  Persona ontology for user centred design professionals , 2013, ICIS 2013.

[2]  Tamara Sumner,et al.  A latent semantic analysis methodology for the identification and creation of personas , 2008, CHI.

[3]  Alan Cooper,et al.  The Inmates Are Running the Asylum: Why High Tech Products Drive Us Crazy and How to Restore the Sanity (2nd Edition) , 1999 .

[4]  Mikio Aoyama,et al.  Persona-and-scenario based requirements engineering for software embedded in digital consumer products , 2005, 13th IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering (RE'05).

[5]  Elina Eriksson,et al.  Contextual Personas as a Method for Understanding Digital Work Environments , 2015, HWID.

[6]  Anke Dittmar,et al.  Integrating Personas and Use Case Models , 2019, INTERACT.

[7]  Michael B. Twidale,et al.  Resolving Incommensurable Debates: A Preliminary Identification of Persona Kinds, Attributes, and Characteristics , 2008 .

[8]  Dimitri Schuurman,et al.  Bringing Personas To Life: User Experience Design through Interactive Coupled Open Innovation , 2016 .

[9]  Lene Nielsen,et al.  Engaging Personas and Narrative Scenarios , 2004 .

[10]  Bernard J. Jansen,et al.  Data-Driven Personas for Enhanced User Understanding: Combining Empathy with Rationality for Better Insights to Analytics , 2020, Data Inf. Manag..

[11]  Bernard J. Jansen,et al.  “Is More Better?”: Impact of Multiple Photos on Perception of Persona Profiles , 2018, CHI.

[12]  Mattias Arvola,et al.  Personas in action: ethnography in an interaction design team , 2002, NordiCHI '02.

[13]  Dijana Plantak Vukovac,et al.  Evaluating Relevant UX Dimensions with Respect to IoT Ecosystem Intended for Students' Activities Tracking and Success Prediction , 2018, HCI.

[14]  Barbara Rita Barricelli,et al.  Human Work Interaction Design. Work Analysis and Interaction Design Methods for Pervasive and Smart Workplaces , 2016, IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology.

[15]  Shamal Faily,et al.  Persona-centred information security awareness , 2017, Comput. Secur..

[16]  Steve Whittaker,et al.  How do designers and user experience professionals actually perceive and use personas? , 2012, CHI.

[17]  Maria Claudia Buzzi,et al.  Persona Design for Just-in-Time Adaptive and Persuasive Interfaces in Menopause Self-care , 2018, HCI.

[18]  Nicola Marsden,et al.  Stereotypes and Politics: Reflections on Personas , 2016, CHI.

[19]  Tharon W. Howard.  Are personas really usable? , 2015, CDQR.

[20]  Jisun An,et al.  Persona Perception Scale: Development and Exploratory Validation of an Instrument for Evaluating Individuals' Perceptions of Personas , 2020, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[21]  Riichiro Mizoguchi,et al.  Addressing the Interplay of Culture and Affect in HCI: An Ontological Approach , 2009, HCI.

[22]  Erin Davis,et al.  User Personas as a Shared Lens for Library UX , 2017 .

[23]  Chris Chapman,et al.  The Personas' New Clothes: Methodological and Practical Arguments against a Popular Method , 2006 .

[24]  Bruce Christianson,et al.  A different approach of using Personas in human-robot interaction: Integrating Personas as computational models to modify robot companions' behaviour , 2013, 2013 IEEE RO-MAN.

[25]  Richard C. MacKinnon.  Punishing the persona: correctional strategies for the virtual offender , 1997 .

[26]  Costas Vassilakis,et al.  Data-Assisted Persona Construction Using Social Media Data , 2020, Big Data Cogn. Comput..

[27]  Tomasz Miaskiewicz,et al.  Personas and user-centered design: How can personas benefit product design processes? , 2011 .

[28]  Alison Burrows,et al.  Designing out-of-box experiences for older adults: exploring the boundaries of inclusive design , 2013 .

[29]  Jihoon Kim,et al.  Personas in online health communities , 2016, J. Biomed. Informatics.

[30]  W. Keith Edwards,et al.  Adapting Personas for Use in Security Visualization Design , 2007, VizSEC.

[31]  S. C. Johnson.  Hierarchical clustering schemes , 1967, Psychometrika.

[32]  Sabrina Duda.  Personas—Who Owns Them , 2018 .

[33]  Jan Stage,et al.  A Template for Design Personas: Analysis of 47 Persona Descriptions from Danish Industries and Organizations , 2015, Int. J. Sociotechnology Knowl. Dev..

[34]  Deborah Richards,et al.  Personas with knowledge and cognitive process: tools for teaching conceptual design , 2018, PACIS.

[35]  Jeffrey Dean,et al.  Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality , 2013, NIPS.

[36]  J. Grudin.  12 – WHY PERSONAS WORK: THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE , 2006 .

[37]  Bernard J. Jansen,et al.  Are personas done? Evaluating their usefulness in the age of digital analytics , 2018, Persona Studies.

[38]  Iftikhar Ahmed,et al.  Making personas memorable , 2007, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[39]  Ana Ortiz de Guinea,et al.  Affordance-based User Personas : A mixed-method Approach to Persona Development , 2015, AMCIS.

[40]  Katarina Bergbom,et al.  Mobile App for Monthly Stock Savings , 2017 .

[41]  Nicola Marsden,et al.  Personas and Identity: Looking at Multiple Identities to Inform the Construction of Personas , 2019, CHI.

[42]  Steve Mulder,et al.  The User Is Always Right: A Practical Guide to Creating and Using Personas for the Web , 2006 .

[43]  Susanne Bødker,et al.  Personas, people and participation: challenges from the trenches of local government , 2012, PDC '12.

[44]  Soussan Djamasbi,et al.  Creating Value with Proto-Research Persona Development , 2019, HCI.

[45]  Bernard J. Jansen,et al.  Capturing the change in topical interests of personas over time , 2019, ASIST.

[46]  Bernard J. Jansen,et al.  Imaginary People Representing Real Numbers , 2018, ACM Trans. Web.

[47]  Ronald Maier,et al.  Knowledge Maturing at Workplaces of Knowledge Workers: Results of an Ethnographically Informed Study , 2009 .

[48]  Alissa Nicole Antle,et al.  Child-based personas: need, ability and experience , 2008, Cognition, Technology & Work.

[49]  Anke Dittmar,et al.  Two-Level Personas for Nested Design Spaces , 2015, CHI.

[50]  Bernard J. Jansen,et al.  Does a Smile Matter if the Person Is Not Real?: The Effect of a Smile and Stock Photos on Persona Perceptions , 2019, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact..

[51]  John C. Thomas,et al.  An HCI agenda for the next millennium: emergent global intelligence , 2001 .

[52]  Paul Rayson,et al.  Who Am I? Analyzing Digital Personas in Cybercrime Investigations , 2013, Computer.

[53]  Russell Marshall,et al.  Design and evaluation: end users, user datasets and personas. , 2015, Applied ergonomics.

[54]  Susan Turner,et al.  Is stereotyping inevitable when designing with personas , 2011 .

[55]  Elina Eriksson,et al.  The secret life of a persona: when the personal becomes private , 2013, CHI.

[56]  Simone Stumpf,et al.  Co-Created Personas: Engaging and Empowering Users with Diverse Needs Within the Design Process , 2019, CHI.

[57]  Alimohammad Shahri,et al.  Engineering software-based motivation: A persona-based approach , 2016, 2016 IEEE Tenth International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS).

[58]  Bernard J. Jansen,et al.  A Literature Review of Quantitative Persona Creation , 2020, CHI.

[59]  Yvonne Dittrich,et al.  Personas is not applicable: local remedies interpreted in a wider context , 2004, PDC 04.

[60]  Shamal Faily,et al.  The Secret Lives of Assumptions: Developing and Refining Assumption Personas for Secure System Design , 2010, HCSE.

[61]  Margaret M. Burnett,et al.  Gender-Inclusiveness Personas vs. Stereotyping: Can We Have it Both Ways? , 2017, CHI.

[62]  L. Muflikhah,et al.  Document Clustering Using Concept Space and Cosine Similarity Measurement , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Computer Technology and Development.

[63]  Deborah Richards,et al.  A Method to Identify Talented Aspiring Designers in Use of Personas with Personality , 2015, ENASE.

[64]  Jonathan Grudin,et al.  Personas: practice and theory , 2003, DUX '03.

[65]  Tamara Sumner,et al.  Using Personas to Understand the Needs and Goals of Institutional Repositories , 2008, D Lib Mag..

[66]  Chu Hiang Goh,et al.  Riding Waves of Change: A Review of Personas Research Landscape Based on the Three Waves of HCI , 2017, ICT4D.

[67]  Mikio Aoyama,et al.  Persona-Scenario-Goal Methodology for User-Centered Requirements Engineering , 2007, 15th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE 2007).

[68]  Chris Chapman,et al.  Quantitative Evaluation of Personas as Information , 2008 .

[69]  Vicente Pelechano,et al.  Supporting Ambient Assisting Living by using Executable Context-Adaptive Task Models , 2014 .

[70]  Marie-Josée Hamel,et al.  Language-Learner Computer Interactions: Theory, methodology and CALL applications , 2016 .

[71]  Bernard J. Jansen,et al.  Personas Changing Over Time: Analyzing Variations of Data-Driven Personas During a Two-Year Period , 2019, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[72]  Bernard J. Jansen,et al.  Personas and Analytics: A Comparative User Study of Efficiency and Effectiveness for a User Identification Task , 2020, CHI.

[73]  Norm Archer,et al.  User-Centered Requirements Analysis and Design Solutions for Chronic Disease Self-management , 2016, HCI.

[74]  Lucia Vilela Leite Filgueiras,et al.  User modeling with personas , 2005, CLIHC '05.

[75]  Ronald Maier,et al.  Using personas for designing knowledge and learning services: results of an ethnographically informed study , 2010 .

[76]  Tayana Conte,et al.  Identifying Possible Requirements using Personas - A Qualitative Study , 2017, ICEIS.

[77]  Karin Slegers,et al.  Personas and Behavioral Theories: A Case Study Using Self-Determination Theory to Construct Overweight Personas , 2017, CHI.

[78]  John S. Pruitt,et al.  The Persona Lifecycle: Keeping People in Mind Throughout Product Design , 2006 .

[79]  Urban Nuldén,et al.  Personas in uniform: police officers as users of information technology , 2012, ECIS.

[80]  G. Salma,et al.  Use of ontologies in modeling persona , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Complex Systems (ICCS).

[81]  B. Jansen.  Strengths and Weaknesses of Persona Creation Methods: Guidelines for Novice and Experienced Users and Opportunities for Digital Innovations , 2020 .

[82]  Samuel S. Silva,et al.  Geriatric Helper: An mHealth Application to Support Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment , 2018, Sensors.

[83]  Per Amdahl,et al.  Personas as Drivers : - an alternative approach for creating scenarios for ADAS evaluation , 2007 .

[84]  Nicola Marsden,et al.  Cognitive walkthrough of a learning management system with gendered personas , 2018, GenderIT.

[85]  Ivo Pereira,et al.  Using personas for supporting user modeling on scheduling systems , 2014, 2014 14th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems.

[86]  Jonathan Grudin,et al.  Personas, Participatory Design and Product Development: An Infrastructure for Engagement , 2002 .

[87]  Muhammad Ali Babar,et al.  Effectiveness of Persona with Personality Traits on Conceptual Design , 2015, 2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering.

[88]  Alan Cooper,et al.  The Inmates are Running the Asylum , 1999, Software-Ergonomie.

[89]  Bill Sullivan,et al.  THE INMATES ARE RUNNING THE ASYLUM , 2000 .

[90]  Erin Friess,et al.  Personas and decision making in the design process: an ethnographic case study , 2012, CHI.

[91]  K. Amant.  Contextualizing Cyber Compositions for Cultures: A Usability-Based Approach to Composing Online for International Audiences , 2018 .

[92]  Nicola Marsden,et al.  Developing personas, considering gender: a case study , 2017, OZCHI.

[93]  Emma J. Rose,et al.  Poor poor dumb mouths, and bid them speak for me: Theorizing the use of personas in practice , 2018 .

[94]  Nalini Kotamraju,et al.  Data-driven persona development , 2008, CHI.

[95]  Kari Rönkkö,et al.  An Empirical Study Demonstrating How Different Design Constraints, Project Organization and Contexts Limited the Utility of Personas , 2005, Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.