The pattern of pressure distribution under the weightbearing forefoot

Abstract The pressure characteristics found commonly under the forefeet in a healthy asymptomatic population have been described. 160 subjects have been recorded walking over the pedobarograph. The foot pressure data have been analysed in three ways. The first has examined the whole group and documents the results for peak pressure and for contact time as a proportion of stance phase under the metatarsal heads compared to the hindfoot and toes. The second used image analysis to plot the pressure distribution across the forefoot. The third has utilised methods of pattern recognition of the distribution of pressure across the weightbearing forefoot. The four common patterns observed in this group are described and confirmed by cluster analysis.

[1]  Janet Hughes,et al.  Pattern Recognition of Images of the Pressure Distribution under the Foot from the Pedobarograph , 1989 .

[2]  Foot function in juvenile chronic arthritis. , 1980, Rheumatology and rehabilitation.

[3]  F. Ederer,et al.  Shall we count numbers of eyes or numbers of subjects? , 1973, Archives of ophthalmology.

[4]  Brian Everitt,et al.  Cluster analysis , 1974 .

[5]  P. Cavanagh,et al.  Pressure Distribution under Symptom-Free Feet during Barefoot Standing , 1987, Foot & ankle.

[6]  F Bojsen-Møoller,et al.  Anatomy of the forefoot, normal and pathologic. , 1979, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[7]  R. Soames.  Foot pressure patterns during gait. , 1985, Journal of biomedical engineering.

[8]  I A Stokes,et al.  Force distributions under the foot--a dynamic measuring system. , 1974, Biomedical engineering.

[9]  C. I. Franks,et al.  The Measurement of Pressures under the Foot , 1982, Foot & ankle.

[10]  J. Hughes,et al.  Foot pressure measurement: a review of clinical findings. , 1986, Journal of biomedical engineering.

[11]  Ian A. F. Stokes,et al.  A Study of the Duration of Load-Bearing under Different Areas of the Foot , 1979 .

[12]  C I Franks,et al.  Selection of transducer material for use with 'optical' foot pressure systems. , 1988, Journal of biomedical engineering.

[13]  M. Jayson,et al.  Measurement of pedal pressures. An illustration of a method. , 1972, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[14]  P. D'Acierno,et al.  Spontaneous rupture of the uterus in pregnancy following a previous classic cesarean section , 1933 .

[15]  I A Stokes,et al.  Forces acting on the metatarsals during normal walking. , 1979, Journal of anatomy.

[16]  J H McMaster,et al.  Momentary distribution of forces under the foot. , 1976, Journal of biomechanics.

[17]  I A Stokes,et al.  Forces under the hallux valgus foot before and after surgery. , 1979, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[18]  L. Klenerman,et al.  The importance of the toes in walking. , 1990, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[19]  R. Minns,et al.  Plantar Pressures and Gait Parameters: A Study of Foot Shape and Limb Rotations in Children , 1984, Journal of pediatric orthopedics.

[20]  D. J. Morton,et al.  Structural factors in static disorders of the foot , 1930 .

[21]  M. Brull,et al.  Normal foot--ground pressure pattern in children. , 1980, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[22]  R. G. Newcombe,et al.  Eyes or patients? Traps for the unwary in the statistical analysis of ophthalmological studies. , 1987 .

[23]  M M Rodgers,et al.  Pressure distribution on Morton's foot structure , 1989 .

[24]  W. Hutton,et al.  Forces under the foot. , 1973, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[25]  H. Elftman.  A cinematic study of the distribution of pressure in the human foot , 1934 .

[26]  J. P. Royston,et al.  A Simple Method for Evaluating the Shapiro-Francia W' Test of Non-Normality , 1983 .

[27]  C I Franks,et al.  Plantar pressure measurements and the prevention of ulceration in the diabetic foot. , 1985, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[28]  B. Everitt,et al.  Cluster Analysis (2nd ed). , 1982 .