3D Object Processing: Compression, Indexing and Watermarking

The arrival, and continuing evolution, of high quality 3D objects has been made possible by recent progress in 3D scanner acquisition and 3D graphics rendering. With this increasing quality comes a corresponding increase in the size and complexity of the data files and the necessity for advances in compression techniques. Effective indexing to facilitate the retrieval of the 3D data is then required to efficiently store, search and recapture the objects that have been compressed. The application of 3D images in fields such as communications, medicine and the military also calls for copyright protection, or watermarking, to secure the data for transmission. Written by expert contributors, this timely text brings together the three important and complementary topics of compression, retrieval and watermarking techniques for 3D objects. 3D object processing applications are developing rapidly and this book tackles the challenges and opportunities presented, focusing on the secure transmission, sharing and searching of 3D objects on networks, and includes: an introduction to the commonly used 3D representation schemes; the characteristics, advantages and limitations of polygonal meshes, surface based models and volumetric models; 3D compression techniques; the 3D coding and decoding schemes for reducing the size of 3D data to reduce transmission time and minimize distortion; state of the art responses to the intrinsic challenges of building a 3D-model search engine, considering view-based, structural and full-3D approaches; watermarking techniques for ensuring intellectual property protection and content security without altering the visual quality of the 3D object. 3D Object Processing: Compression, Indexing and Watermarking is an invaluable resource for graduate students and researchers working in signal and image processing, computer aided design, animation and imaging systems. Practising engineers who want to expand their knowledge of 3D video objects, including data compression, indexing, security, and copyrighting of information, will also find this book of great use.

[1]  Gene H. Golub,et al.  Optimal Surface Smoothing as Filter Design , 1996, ECCV.

[2]  Ingemar J. Cox,et al.  Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia , 1997, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[3]  S. Kanai,et al.  Digital Watermarking for 3D Polygons using Multiresolution Wavelet Decomposition , 1998 .

[4]  Boon-Lock Yeo,et al.  Fragile watermarking of three-dimensional objects , 1998, Proceedings 1998 International Conference on Image Processing. ICIP98 (Cat. No.98CB36269).

[5]  Peter Eisert,et al.  Digital watermarking of MPEG-4 facial animation parameters , 1998, Comput. Graph..

[6]  Hiroshi Masuda,et al.  Geometrical and Non-geometrical Targets for Data Embedding in Three-Dimensional Polygonal Models , 1998 .

[7]  Hiroshi Masuda,et al.  A shape-preserving data embedding algorithm for NURBS curves and surfaces , 1999, 1999 Proceedings Computer Graphics International.

[8]  Boon-Lock Yeo,et al.  Watermarking 3D Objects for Verification , 1999, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[9]  Oliver Benedens,et al.  Geometry-Based Watermarking of 3D Models , 1999, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[10]  Oliver Benedens Watermarking of 3D-polygon-based models with robustness against mesh simplification , 1999, Electronic Imaging.

[11]  Rémy Prost,et al.  A multiresolution wavelet scheme for irregularly subdivided 3D triangular mesh , 1999, Proceedings 1999 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. 99CH36348).

[12]  Adam Finkelstein,et al.  Robust mesh watermarking , 1999, SIGGRAPH.

[13]  Tsuhan Chen,et al.  Progressive browsing of 3D models , 1999, 1999 IEEE Third Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (Cat. No.99TH8451).

[14]  Hiroshi Masuda,et al.  8. Managing CAD Data as a Multimedia Data Type Using Digital Watermarking , 2000, Knowledge Intensive CAD.

[15]  Andrea Sanna,et al.  Public key watermarking for authentication of CSG models , 2000, Comput. Aided Des..

[16]  Christoph Busch,et al.  Towards Blind Detection of Robust Watermarks in Polygonal Models , 2000, Comput. Graph. Forum.

[17]  Greg Turk,et al.  Image-driven simplification , 2000, TOGS.

[18]  Oliver Benedens Affine Invariant Watermarks for 3D Polygonal and NURBS Based Models , 2000, ISW.

[19]  O. Roeva,et al.  Information Hiding: Techniques for Steganography and Digital Watermarking , 2000 .

[20]  Xiaoyang Mao,et al.  Watermarking 3D geometric models through triangle subdivision , 2001, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[21]  Bernice E. Rogowitz,et al.  Are image quality metrics adequate to evaluate the quality of geometric objects? , 2001, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[22]  Richard K. Beatson,et al.  Reconstruction and representation of 3D objects with radial basis functions , 2001, SIGGRAPH.

[23]  David Zhang,et al.  Robust mesh watermarking based on multiresolution processing , 2001, Comput. Graph..

[24]  Anastasios Tefas,et al.  Robust spatial image watermarking using progressive detection , 2001, 2001 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37221).

[25]  Anastasios Tefas,et al.  Copyright protection of 3D images using watermarks of specific spatial structure , 2002, Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo.

[26]  Nam Ik Cho,et al.  Robust watermarking of 3D mesh models , 2002, 2002 IEEE Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing..

[27]  Andrew L. Rukhin,et al.  Analysis of Time Series Structure SSA and Related Techniques , 2002, Technometrics.

[28]  Martin F. H. Schuurmans,et al.  Digital watermarking , 2002, Proceedings of ASP-DAC/VLSI Design 2002. 7th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference and 15h International Conference on VLSI Design.

[29]  Adrian G. Bors,et al.  Watermarking 3D models , 2002, Proceedings. International Conference on Image Processing.

[30]  Nam Ik Cho,et al.  Watermarking for 3D NURBS graphic data , 2002, 2002 IEEE Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing..

[31]  Shuichi Ichikawa,et al.  Redundancy in 3D Polygon Models and Its Application to Digital Signature , 2002, WSCG.

[32]  Horace Ho-Shing Ip,et al.  Robust watermarking of 3D polygonal models based on vertex scrambling , 2003, Proceedings Computer Graphics International 2003.

[33]  Yo-Sung Ho,et al.  A Three-Dimensional Watermarking Algorithm Using the DCT Transform of Triangle Strips , 2003, IWDW.

[34]  Ki-Ryong Kwon,et al.  Watermarking for 3D polygonal meshes using normal vector distributions of each patch , 2003, Proceedings 2003 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No.03CH37429).

[35]  Horace Ho-Shing Ip,et al.  A robust watermarking scheme for 3D triangular mesh models , 2003, Pattern Recognit..

[36]  Jean-Luc Dugelay,et al.  Texture-based watermarking of 3D video objects , 2003, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[37]  M. Ashourian,et al.  A new masking method for spatial domain watermarking of three-dimensional triangle meshes , 2003, TENCON 2003. Conference on Convergent Technologies for Asia-Pacific Region.

[38]  Kokichi Sugihara,et al.  Watermarking 3D Polygonal Meshes Using the Singular Spectrum Analysis , 2003, IMA Conference on the Mathematics of Surfaces.

[39]  Henri Maître,et al.  Application of spectral decomposition to compression and watermarking of 3D triangle mesh geometry , 2003, Signal Process. Image Commun..

[40]  Anastasios Tefas,et al.  Watermarking of 3D models using principal component analysis , 2003, 2003 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2003. Proceedings. (ICASSP '03)..

[41]  Michael G. Strintzis,et al.  3D model watermarking for indexing using the generalized Radon transform , 2004, Proceedings. 2nd International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization and Transmission, 2004. 3DPVT 2004..

[42]  Hans-Peter Seidel,et al.  3D scattered data approximation with adaptive compactly supported radial basis functions , 2004, Proceedings Shape Modeling Applications, 2004..

[43]  Touradj Ebrahimi,et al.  Data hiding on 3D polygonal meshes , 2004, MM&Sec '04.

[44]  Kokichi Sugihara,et al.  MATHEMATICAL ENGINEERING TECHNICAL REPORTS Generalized SSA and Its Applications to Watermarking 3D Polygonal Meshes , 2004 .

[45]  F. Prêteux,et al.  Spread spectrum robust watermarking for NURBS surfaces , 2004 .

[46]  Adrian G. Bors Watermarking 3D shapes using local moments , 2004, 2004 International Conference on Image Processing, 2004. ICIP '04..

[47]  Mauro Barni,et al.  Wavelet-based blind watermarking of 3D models , 2004, MM&Sec '04.

[48]  Adrian G. Bors Blind watermarking of 3D shapes using localized constraints , 2004, Proceedings. 2nd International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization and Transmission, 2004. 3DPVT 2004..

[49]  Ryutarou Ohbuchi,et al.  Watermarking a 3D shape model defined as a point set , 2003, 2004 International Conference on Cyberworlds.

[50]  Jianqiu Jin,et al.  Watermarking on 3D mesh based on spherical wavelet transform. , 2004, Journal of Zhejiang University. Science.

[51]  Touradj Ebrahimi,et al.  Objective evaluation of the perceptual quality of 3D watermarking , 2005, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2005.

[52]  Benoit M. Macq,et al.  Blind watermarking of 3D meshes using robust feature points detection , 2005, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2005.

[53]  Anastasios Tefas,et al.  Blind robust watermarking schemes for copyright protection of 3D mesh objects , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[54]  Leif Kobbelt,et al.  Efficient spectral watermarking of large meshes with orthogonal basis functions , 2005, The Visual Computer.

[55]  Anastasios Tefas,et al.  9.5 – Watermarking Techniques for Image Authentication and Copyright Protection , 2005 .

[56]  Adrian G. Bors,et al.  Watermarking mesh-based representations of 3-D objects using local moments , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[57]  Jihane Bennour,et al.  Protection of 3D Object Visual Representations , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo.