Beyond Red-Green-Blue (RGB) : Spectrum-Based Color Imaging Technology

This article presents a comprehensive study on the spectrum-based color reproduction system, called Natural Vision (NV), which aims to break through the limitation of red-green-blue (RGB) three-primary schemes. After a basic discussion on the motivation for color imaging technology beyond RGB, the method for systematizing the multispectral and multiprimary color imaging technologies, including image capture, processing, storage, printing, and display is presented. Then experimental multispectral systems for both still image and video are introduced, and the following features of spectrum-based scheme are revealed: a) highly accurate color reproduction is possible even under different illumination environment, b) an expanded color gamut can be reproduced by multiprimary color displays, c) the influence of observer metamerism can be reduced by the spectral color reproduction, and d) the quantitative spectral attributes of an object, useful for its analysis or recognition, can be captured and preserved. Finally the effectiveness of the system is also demonstrated through experiments in fields of application, such as medicine, digital archives, color printing, electronic commerce, and computer graphics.

[1]  Shmuel Roth,et al.  10.2: Wide Gamut, High Brightness Multiple Primaries Single Panel Projection Displays , 2003 .

[2]  Peter D. Burns,et al.  Analysis Multispectral Image Capture , 1996, CIC.

[3]  Masahiro Yamaguchi,et al.  Natural color reproduction in the television system for telemedicime , 1997, Medical Imaging.

[4]  Mark D. Fairchild,et al.  Observer variability in metameric color matches using color reproduction media , 1997 .

[5]  Bernhard Hill.  Multispectral color technology: a way toward high-definition color image scanning and encoding , 1998, Other Conferences.

[6]  B A Wandell,et al.  Linear models of surface and illuminant spectra. , 1992, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[7]  Hideaki Haneishi,et al.  Natural Vision Image Data File Format for Spectral-Based Color Reproduction , 2003, PICS.

[8]  Akiko Hirai,et al.  Multichannel Spectral Imaging System for Measurements with the Highest Signal-to-Noise Ratio , 1997 .

[9]  Masahiro Yamaguchi,et al.  Color Correction of Pathological Images Based on Dye Amount Quantification , 2005 .

[10]  Toshio Uchiyama,et al.  A visual evaluation of the image reproduced on a multiprimary display by color decomposition based on spectral approximation , 2005 .

[11]  Masahiro Yamaguchi,et al.  Multispectral Color Imaging for Dermatology: Application in Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases , 2005, CIC.

[12]  Masahiro Yamaguchi,et al.  A Multiprimary Display: Optimized Control Values for Displaying Tristimulus Values , 2002, PICS.

[13]  R Marchesini,et al.  Multispectral imaging approach in the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma: potentiality and limits. , 2000, Physics in medicine and biology.

[14]  Masahiro Yamaguchi,et al.  Multispectral image compression for high fidelity colorimetric and spectral reproduction , 2006 .

[15]  Hideaki Haneishi,et al.  High-fidelity video and still-image communication based on spectral information: natural vision system and its applications , 2006, Electronic Imaging.

[16]  Masahiro Yamaguchi,et al.  Color Conversion Method for Multiprimary Display Using Matrix Switching , 2001 .

[17]  Roy S. Berns,et al.  Spectral Color Reproduction Based on Six-Color Inkjet Output System , 2001, International Conference on Communications in Computing.

[18]  笹栗大助.  Multiprimary color display , 2007 .

[19]  Mitchell R. Rosen,et al.  Spectral Colorimetry Using LabPQR - An Interim Connection Space , 2004, Color Imaging Conference.

[20]  Masahiro Yamaguchi,et al.  Multiprimary color display using a holographic optical element , 1998, Electronic Imaging.

[21]  Hideaki Haneishi,et al.  High-fidelity color reproduction based on multi-channel BTF/BRDF acquisition, rendering and display , 2005, SIGGRAPH '05.

[22]  Shoji Tominaga,et al.  MULTICHANNEL VISION SYSTEM FOR ESTIMATING SURFACE AND ILLUMINATION FUNCTIONS , 1996 .

[23]  Hideto Motomura.  Color conversion for a multi-primary display using linear interpolation on equi-luminance plane method (LIQUID) , 2003 .

[24]  Hideaki Haneishi,et al.  Six Band HDTV Camera System for Spectrum-Based Color Reproduction , 2004, Journal of Imaging Science and Technology.

[25]  Mark D. Fairchild,et al.  Color Management within a Spectral Image Visualization Tool , 2000, Color Imaging Conference.

[26]  Toshio Uchiyama,et al.  A Method for the Unified Representation of Multispectral Images with Different Number of Bands , 2003, PICS.

[27]  Jon Y. Hardeberg,et al.  Spectrophotometric Image Analysis of Fine Art Paintings , 1996, CIC.

[28]  Toshio Uchiyama,et al.  Development of a 16-band multispectral image archiving system , 2005, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[29]  Po-chieh Hung,et al.  Colorimetric calibration for scanners and media , 1991, Electronic Imaging.

[30]  Hideaki Haneishi,et al.  Color Conversion for Multi-primary Displays Using a Spherical Average Method , 2004, Color Imaging Conference.

[31]  Masahiro Yamaguchi,et al.  Evaluation of Smoothness in Color Gradation on Multiprimary Display , 2004, Color Imaging Conference.

[32]  Werner Praefcke,et al.  Multispectral Color System with an Encoding Format Compatible to the Conventional Tristimulus Model , 1995, Color Imaging Conference.

[33]  Esko Herrala,et al.  Direct sight imaging spectrograph: a unique add-on component brings spectral imaging to industrial applications , 1998, Electronic Imaging.

[34]  David Saunders,et al.  Ten years of art imaging research , 2002, Proc. IEEE.

[35]  H Haneishi,et al.  System design for accurately estimating the spectral reflectance of art paintings. , 2000, Applied optics.

[36]  L. Maloney,et al.  Color constancy: a method for recovering surface spectral reflectance. , 1986, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[37]  Hideaki Haneishi,et al.  Color reproducibility of skin lesions in multispectral video: Experimental evaluation , 2006, Color Imaging Conference.

[38]  Seishi Takamura,et al.  Multiband Video Signal Coding with H.264/AVC, MPEG-4 Studio Profile and Motion JPEG 2000 and Associated Signal Format (ディジタルアーカイブにおける画像電子関連技術論文特集号) , 2004 .

[39]  M. Pointer.  The Gamut of Real Surface Colours , 1980 .

[40]  Toshio Uchiyama,et al.  Color image reproduction based on multispectral and multiprimary imaging: experimental evaluation , 2001, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[41]  Masahiro Yamaguchi,et al.  Color conversion method for multi-primary display for spectral color reproduction , 2004, J. Electronic Imaging.

[42]  Masahiro Yamaguchi,et al.  Expanded color gamut reproduced by six-primary projection display , 2000, Electronic Imaging.

[43]  Noboru Ohta,et al.  Spectral reproduction from scene to hardcopy: II. Image processing , 2000, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[44]  Real-time multispectral and multiprimary video system , 2005 .

[45]  Richard M. Levenson,et al.  Spectral imaging for brightfield microscopy , 2003, SPIE BiOS.

[46]  Masahiro Yamaguchi,et al.  Spectrum-based color reproduction system for motion picture , 2003, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[47]  Masahiro Yamaguchi,et al.  Digital staining for multispectral images of pathological tissue specimens based on combined classification of spectral transmittance. , 2005, Computerized medical imaging and graphics : the official journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society.

[48]  W K Pratt,et al.  Spectral estimation techniques for the spectral calibration of a color image scanner. , 1976, Applied optics.