EU Resource efficiency perspectives in a global context

This study explores the relevance and implications of resource efficiency for five distinct, vitally important resource themes: energy, land, phosphorus, fresh water and fish stocks. Natural resources underpin the functioning of both the European and the global economy. They critically shape prospects for current and future quality of life over the coming decades. Key questions addressed in this study are: What are the impacts of current and projected resource use up to 2050 and in which parts of the world will they be felt most? What are the potential effects of boosting resource efficiency in different world regions? Is policy intervention conceivable? How would such interventions interact with other resources not targeted; and how does resource efficiency relate to efforts to mitigate climate change?

[1]  K. Ebi,et al.  Options to enhance the impact of AKST on development and sustainability goals , 2009 .

[2]  A. Bouwman,et al.  Human alteration of the global nitrogen and phosphorus soil balances for the period 1970–2050 , 2009 .

[3]  K. Bjorndal,et al.  Historical Overfishing and the Recent Collapse of Coastal Ecosystems , 2001, Science.

[4]  Aaron A. McNevin,et al.  Indicators of Resource Use Efficiency and Environmental Performance in Fish and Crustacean Aquaculture , 2007 .

[5]  J. Clay,et al.  World Agriculture and the Environment , 2004 .

[6]  Peter Tyedmers,et al.  Fisheries and Energy Use , 2004 .

[7]  D. Vuuren,et al.  Phosphorus demand for the 1970-2100 period: A scenario analysis of resource depletion , 2010 .

[8]  Frank Biermann,et al.  Global Environmental Governance: Taking Stock, Moving Forward , 2008 .

[9]  J. Alcamo,et al.  Global modelling of environmental change : an overview of IMAGE 2.1 , 1998 .

[10]  Christiane Schmullius,et al.  Land-Cover Observations as Part of a Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS): Progress, Activities, and Prospects , 2008, IEEE Systems Journal.

[11]  S S I T C H,et al.  Evaluation of Ecosystem Dynamics, Plant Geography and Terrestrial Carbon Cycling in the Lpj Dynamic Global Vegetation Model , 2022 .

[12]  Daniel Pauly,et al.  Systematic distortions in world fisheries catch trends , 2001, Nature.

[13]  Naota Hanasaki,et al.  A reservoir operation scheme for global river routing models , 2006 .

[14]  B. Soares-Filho,et al.  The End of Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon , 2009, Science.

[15]  A. Bouwman,et al.  Global and Regional Surface Nitrogen Balances in Intensive Agricultural Production Systems for the Period 1970-2030 , 2005 .

[16]  Bert de Vries,et al.  GLOBAL CHANGE SCENARIOS OF THE 21st CENTURY , 2007 .

[17]  R. Leemans,et al.  Assessing effects of forecasted climate change on the diversity and distribution of European higher plants for 2050 , 2002 .

[18]  B. Barman,et al.  Analysis of feeds and fertilizers for sustainable aquaculture development in Bangladesh , 2007 .

[19]  R. Gillon.  Four scenarios. , 2003, Journal of medical ethics.

[20]  Tristram Stuart,et al.  Waste: Uncovering the Global Food Scandal , 2009 .

[21]  Charles J Vörösmarty,et al.  Global system of rivers: Its role in organizing continental land mass and defining land‐to‐ocean linkages , 2000 .

[22]  Jeroen de Beer,et al.  Potential for Industrial Energy-Efficiency Improvement in the Long Term , 2000 .

[23]  N. Nakicenovic,et al.  The Global Energy Assessment , 2012 .

[24]  F. Chapin,et al.  A safe operating space for humanity , 2009, Nature.

[25]  Günther Fischer,et al.  Climate change impacts on irrigation water requirements: Effects of mitigation, 1990-2080 , 2007 .

[26]  E. ten Pierick,et al.  Milieueffecten van Nederlandse consumptie van eiwitrijke producten : gevolgen van vervanging van dierlijke eiwitten anno 2008 , 2008 .

[27]  Jason W. Clay,et al.  World agriculture and the environment: a commodity-by-commodity guide to impacts and practices. , 2004 .

[28]  D. Lettenmaier,et al.  Anthropogenic impacts on continental surface water fluxes , 2006 .

[29]  J Potting,et al.  The GEO-3 Scenarios 2002-2032 Quantification and Analysis of Environmental Impacts , 2004 .

[30]  Marilyn Brown.  Scenarios of U.S. Carbon Reductions: Potential Impacts of Energy-Efficient and Low-Carbon Technologies by 2010 and Beyond , 1997 .

[31]  N. H. Ravindranath,et al.  The top 100 questions of importance to the future of global agriculture , 2010 .

[32]  H. Steinfeld,et al.  Livestock's Long Shadow , 2006 .

[33]  Mark Z. Jacobson,et al.  Providing all global energy with wind, water, and solar power, Part I: Technologies, energy resources, quantities and areas of infrastructure, and materials , 2011 .

[34]  Andrzej Tabeau,et al.  Rethinking Global Biodiversity Strategies: Exploring Structural Changes in Production and Consumption to Reduce Biodiversity Loss , 2010 .

[35]  Günther Fischer,et al.  Climate Change Impacts on Irrigation Water Requirements: Effects of Mitigation , 2007 .

[36]  Joint Fao Who Consultation.  Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. , 2007, World Health Organization technical report series.

[37]  Sven Teske,et al.  Energy [R]evolution 2010—a sustainable world energy outlook , 2011 .

[38]  P. Holmgren,et al.  Wood from planted forests a global outlook 2005-2030 , 2008 .

[39]  A. Mol,et al.  Wanted: institutions for balancing global food and energy markets , 2009, Food Security.

[40]  W. Cheung,et al.  Ecosystem-based global fishing policy scenarios , 2007 .

[41]  T. Hecht,et al.  Study and analysis of feeds and fertilizers for sustainable aquaculture development , 2007 .

[42]  D. Pauly,et al.  Fueling Global Fishing Fleets , 2005, Ambio.

[43]  E. Feskens,et al.  The protective effect of a small amount of fish on coronary heart disease mortality in an elderly population. , 1995, International journal of epidemiology.

[44]  B. Sen.  The State of Food and Agriculture , 1962 .

[45]  Jan H. Janse,et al.  The protein puzzle: the consumption and production of meat, dairy and fish in the European Union. , 2011 .

[46]  Food Security.  Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) , 2004 .

[47]  J. Goudriaan,et al.  Long-term global availability of food: continued abundance or new scarcity? , 2008 .

[48]  Fernando González-Laxe,et al.  Overfishing and the Common Fisheries Policy: (un)successful results from TAC regulation? , 2011 .

[49]  A. Dobermann,et al.  Cereal area and nitrogen use efficiency are drivers of future nitrogen fertilizer consumption , 2005, Science in China Series C: Life Sciences.

[50]  Bas Eickhout,et al.  Stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations at low levels: an assessment of reduction strategies and costs , 2007 .

[51]  E. Worrell,et al.  Global energy efficiency improvement in the long term: a demand- and supply-side perspective , 2011 .

[52]  A. Bouwman,et al.  Global Hindcasts and Future Projections of Coastal Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loads Due to Shellfish and Seaweed Aquaculture , 2011 .

[53]  Food-Based Dietary Guidelines in China – Practices and Problems , 2007, Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism.

[54]  J. Crouch,et al.  Wheat Facts and Futures 2009 , 2009 .

[55]  M. Metian,et al.  Global overview on the use of fish meal and fish oil in industrially compounded aquafeeds: Trends and future prospects , 2008 .

[56]  P. Holmgren,et al.  Wood from Planted Forests , 2008 .

[57]  P. Gleick,et al.  Peak water limits to freshwater withdrawal and use , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[58]  J. Carstensen,et al.  Eutrophication in Europe's coastal waters , 2001 .

[59]  E. Stehfest,et al.  Identifying the indirect effects of bio-energy production. , 2010 .

[60]  P H Abelson,et al.  A Potential Phosphate Crisis , 1999, Science.

[61]  Edward Giovannucci,et al.  Eat, Drink, and Be Healthy: The Harvard Medical School Guide to Healthy Eating , 2001 .

[62]  G. Nabuurs,et al.  Global wood production : assessment of industrial round wood supply from forest management systems in different global regions , 2011 .

[63]  C. Müller,et al.  The yield gap of global grain production: A spatial analysis , 2010 .

[64]  D. Rees.  Agriculture at the crossroads. , 1990 .

[65]  T. D. Mitchell,et al.  An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations and associated high‐resolution grids , 2005 .

[66]  W. Lucht,et al.  Terrestrial vegetation and water balance-hydrological evaluation of a dynamic global vegetation model , 2004 .

[67]  D. Cordell,et al.  The story of phosphorus: Global food security and food for thought , 2009 .

[68]  Mark W. Rosegrant,et al.  Book Review: Fish to 2020: Supply and Demand in Changing Global Markets , 2003 .

[69]  C. Dawson,et al.  Fertiliser availability in a resource-limited world: Production and recycling of nitrogen and phosphorus , 2011 .

[70]  J. Syers,et al.  Efficiency of soil and fertilizer phosphorus use. Reconciling changing concepts of soil phosphorus behaviour with agronomic information , 2008 .

[71]  F. Ludwig,et al.  Impact of reservoirs on river discharge and irrigation water supply during the 20th century , 2011 .

[72]  Detlef P. van Vuuren,et al.  Bio-Energy Use and Low Stabilization Scenarios , 2010 .

[73]  James A. Young,et al.  Prospective Analysis of the Aquaculture Sector in the EU. PART 1: Synthesis Report , 2008 .

[74]  C. Müller,et al.  Modelling the role of agriculture for the 20th century global terrestrial carbon balance , 2007 .

[75]  H. Witzke,et al.  Greenhouse gas emission profiles of European livestock sectors , 2011 .

[76]  V. Smil.  PHOSPHORUS IN THE ENVIRONMENT: Natural Flows and Human Interferences , 2000 .

[77]  Michael Obersteiner,et al.  Competition for land , 2010, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[78]  U. R. Sumaila,et al.  Estimating the effects of technological efficiency on the European fishing fleet , 2010 .

[79]  K.,et al.  NOT TO BE CITED WITHOUT PRIOR REFERENCE TO THE AUTHORS International Council for the Exploration of the Sea , 2003 .

[80]  T. Wigley,et al.  Emulating coupled atmosphere-ocean and carbon cycle models with a simpler model, MAGICC6 - Part 1: Model description and calibration , 2011 .

[81]  R. Bobbink.  PLANT SPECIES RICHNESS AND THE EXCEEDANCE OF EMPIRICAL NITROGEN CRITICAL LOADS: AN INVENTORY , 2005 .

[82]  Jules Pretty,et al.  Reducing food poverty by increasing agricultural sustainability in developing countries , 2003 .

[83]  S. Robinson,et al.  Food Security: The Challenge of Feeding 9 Billion People , 2010, Science.

[84]  J. Schröder,et al.  Improved phosphorus use efficiency in agriculture: a key requirement for its sustainable use. , 2011, Chemosphere.

[85]  P. Ekins,et al.  Macroeconomic effects of efficiency policies for energy-intensive industries: The case of the UK Climate Change Agreements, 2000-2010 , 2007 .

[86]  Bas Eickhout,et al.  Climate benefits of changing diet , 2009 .

[87]  Jan Lundqvist,et al.  Losses and waste in the global crisis , 2009 .

[88]  J. Parfitt,et al.  Food waste within food supply chains: quantification and potential for change to 2050 , 2010, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[89]  T. Brooks,et al.  Global Biodiversity Conservation Priorities , 2006, Science.

[90]  S. Ramasamy.  World Food Security: The Challenges of Climate Change and Bioenergy , 2010 .

[91]  Taikan Oki,et al.  Projection of future world water resources under SRES scenarios: water withdrawal / Projection des ressources en eau mondiales futures selon les scénarios du RSSE: prélèvement d'eau , 2008 .

[92]  P. Döll,et al.  Development and validation of a global database of lakes, reservoirs and wetlands , 2004 .

[93]  John A. Harrison,et al.  Global nitrogen and phosphate in urban wastewater for the period 1970 to 2050 , 2009 .

[94]  J. Bruinsma,et al.  World agriculture: towards 2030/2050. Interim report. Prospects for food, nutrition, agriculture and major commodity groups , 2006 .

[95]  H. Steinfeld,et al.  Livestock's long shadow: environmental issues and options. , 2006 .

[96]  J. Bruinsma,et al.  Capital requirements for agriculture in developing countries to 2050. , 2009 .

[97]  Cutler J. Cleveland,et al.  Encyclopedia of Energy , 2004 .

[98]  P. Döll,et al.  High‐resolution mapping of the world's reservoirs and dams for sustainable river‐flow management , 2011 .

[99]  N. Ramankutty,et al.  Farming the planet: 2. Geographic distribution of crop areas, yields, physiological types, and net primary production in the year 2000 , 2008 .

[100]  Jack A. Heinemann,et al.  Agriculture at a Crossroads , 2008, Science.

[101]  E. Knut,et al.  Paris Meeting of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea , 1923, Nature.

[102]  P. Pingali,et al.  Millenium Ecosystem Assessment: Ecosystems and human well-being , 2005 .

[103]  Bas Eickhout,et al.  Another reason for concern: regional and global impacts on ecosystems for different levels of climate change , 2004 .

[104]  J. Who,et al.  Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases : report of a Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation , 2003 .

[105]  W. Lucht,et al.  Agricultural green and blue water consumption and its influence on the global water system , 2008 .

[106]  Rob Alkemade,et al.  GLOBIO3: A Framework to Investigate Options for Reducing Global Terrestrial Biodiversity Loss , 2009, Ecosystems.

[107]  R. Tol,et al.  The Energy Journal , 2006 .

[108]  Green Paper on reform of the common fisheries policy , 2010 .

[109]  N. Ramankutty,et al.  Farming the planet: 1. Geographic distribution of global agricultural lands in the year 2000 , 2008 .

[110]  J. Bruinsma.  World Agriculture: Towards 2015/2030: An Fao Perspective , 2002 .

[111]  Serge M. Garcia,et al.  Food security and marine capture fisheries: characteristics, trends, drivers and future perspectives , 2010, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[112]  P. Döll,et al.  MIRCA2000—Global monthly irrigated and rainfed crop areas around the year 2000: A new high‐resolution data set for agricultural and hydrological modeling , 2010 .

[113]  Mark Harvey,et al.  The new competition for land: Food, energy, and climate change , 2011 .

[114]  L. Wegner,et al.  Who will feed the world? The production challenge , 2011 .

[115]  Havelaar Ah,et al.  Ons eten gemeten. Gezonde voeding en veilig voedsel in Nederland , 2004 .

[116]  Efsa Panel on Dietetic Products.  Scientific Opinion on establishing Food-Based Dietary Guidelines , 2010 .

[117]  D. Little,et al.  Aquaculture: global status and trends , 2010, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[118]  C. Field,et al.  Crop yield gaps: their importance, magnitudes, and causes. , 2009 .

[119]  Serge M. Garcia,et al.  When can marine reserves improve fisheries management , 2004 .

[120]  F. Chapin,et al.  Planetary boundaries: Exploring the safe operating space for humanity , 2009 .

[121]  Bas Eickhout,et al.  Exploring changes in world ruminant production systems , 2005 .

[122]  Keywan Riahi,et al.  Do recent emission trends imply higher emissions forever? , 2008 .

[123]  D. Byerlee,et al.  Rising Global Interest in Farmland: Can It Yield Sustainable and Equitable Benefits? , 2011 .

[124]  Dieter Gerten,et al.  Effects of Precipitation Uncertainty on Discharge Calculations for Main River Basins , 2009 .

[125]  Oene Oenema,et al.  Nitrogen in global animal production and management options for improving nitrogen use efficiency , 2005, Science in China Series C: Life Sciences.

[126]  D. Vuuren,et al.  Growing within limits. A report to the Global Assembly 2009 of the Club of Rome , 2009 .

[127]  Aie.  World Energy Outlook 2009 , 2000 .

[128]  R. Biggs,et al.  A biodiversity intactness index , 2005, Nature.