Trends in Incidence of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma in a Swedish Population 1976-1994

The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma has been increasing in Sweden for several decades. In the Stockholm-Gotland area educational activities for healthcare professionals were started in the late 1970s and public primary and secondary prevention campaigns were initiated in the mid-1980s. Melanoma incidence trends have been studied in Sweden, with special reference to trends in the Stockholm-Gotland area where these prevention campaigns were first started. During 1976-1994 the average annual increase of age-standardized incidence in the Stockholm-Gotland area was about 5%, the increase being associated mainly with thin tumors and melanoma in situ. During the 1990s, the incidence among males leveled off. In contrast, no such shift in trend was observed among females, or among males or females residing outside the Stockholm-Gotland area. The campaigns may have contributed to a trend towards earlier diagnosis but there is still no clear effect of the primary prevention efforts.

[1]  G. Eklund,et al.  Re-appraisal of malignant melanoma diagnosis in the Swedish cancer registry. , 2009, Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology.

[2]  U. Ringborg,et al.  Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma , 2006 .

[3]  A. Jemal,et al.  Recent trends in cutaneous melanoma incidence among whites in the United States. , 2001, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[4]  B. Armstrong,et al.  Trends in the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in New South Wales, 1983–1996 , 2001, International journal of cancer.

[5]  U. Ringborg,et al.  Trends in mortality from malignant melanoma in Sweden, 1970–1996 , 2000, Cancer.

[6]  P. Boyle,et al.  Mortality from cutaneous melanoma: evidence for contrasting trends between populations , 2000, British Journal of Cancer.

[7]  J. Bulliard,et al.  Trends by anatomic site in the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Canada, 1969–93 , 1999, Cancer Causes & Control.

[8]  F. Gasparro,et al.  Re: Sunscreen use, wearing clothes, and number of nevi in 6- to 7-year-old European children. , 1999, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[9]  C. la Vecchia,et al.  Recent declines in worldwide mortality from cutaneous melanoma in youth and middle age , 1999, International journal of cancer.

[10]  L. Dennis,et al.  Analysis of the melanoma epidemic, both apparent and real: data from the 1973 through 1994 surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program registry. , 1999, Archives of dermatology.

[11]  D. Reintgen,et al.  Prognosis in malignant melanoma. , 1998, Hematology/oncology clinics of North America.

[12]  J. Hunter,et al.  Cutaneous malignant melanoma in Scotland: incidence, survival, and mortality, 1979-94 , 1997, BMJ.

[13]  J. Mark Elwood,et al.  Melanoma and sun exposure: An overview of published studies , 1997, International journal of cancer.

[14]  R. MacKie.  Secondary prevention of cutaneous malignant melanoma , 1997, Melanoma research.

[15]  G. Giles,et al.  Has mortality from melanoma stopped rising in Australia? Analysis of trends between 1931 and 1994 , 1996, BMJ.

[16]  D. English,et al.  Benign melanocytic lesions: risk markers or precursors of cutaneous melanoma? , 1995, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[17]  S. Harrison,et al.  Sun exposure and melanocytic naevi in young Australian children , 1994, The Lancet.

[18]  H. Adami,et al.  Trends in tumour characteristics and survival of malignant melanoma 1960-84: a population-based study in Sweden. , 1994, British Journal of Cancer.

[19]  H. Olsson,et al.  Cutaneous malignant melanoma in South Sweden 1965, 1975, and 1985. A histopathologic review , 1994, Cancer.

[20]  P. Hersey,et al.  An analysis of a melanoma epidemic , 1993, International journal of cancer.

[21]  H. Adami,et al.  Trends in mortality rates from malignant melanoma in Sweden 1953–1987 and forecasts up to 2007: 221 , 1993 .

[22]  N. Martin,et al.  Increasing incidence of cutaneous melanoma in Queensland, Australia. , 1992, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[23]  P. Sparén,et al.  Trends in mortality rates from malignant melanoma in Sweden 1953-1987 and forecasts up to 2007. , 1992, British Journal of Cancer.

[24]  H. Beitner,et al.  [The Open House campaign for skin examinations resulted in valuable experiences]. , 1992, Läkartidningen.

[25]  R. MacKie,et al.  Cutaneous malignant melanoma, Scotland, 1979-89 , 1992, The Lancet.

[26]  U. Ringborg,et al.  Early detection and prevention of cutaneous malignant melanoma: Emphasis on Swedish activities , 1991, Medical oncology and tumor pharmacotherapy.

[27]  J. Nectoux,et al.  Temporal change in diagnostic criteria as a cause of the increase of malignant melanoma over time is unlikely , 1991, International journal of cancer.

[28]  U. Ringborg,et al.  Trends in the incidence of malignant melanoma in Sweden, by anatomic site, 1960-1984. , 1990, American journal of epidemiology.

[29]  R. Philipp,et al.  Are malignant melanoma time trends explained by changes in histopathological criteria for classifying pigmented skin lesions? , 1988, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[30]  D Clayton,et al.  Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. I: Age-period and age-cohort models. , 1987, Statistics in medicine.

[31]  D Clayton,et al.  Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II: Age-period-cohort models. , 1987, Statistics in medicine.

[32]  B. Armstrong,et al.  Cutaneous malignant melanoma and indicators of total accumulated exposure to the sun: an analysis separating histogenetic types. , 1984, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[33]  P. McCullagh,et al.  The GLIM System, Release 3: Generalized linear interactive modelling , 1979 .

[34]  W. Clark,et al.  Origin of familial malignant melanomas from heritable melanocytic lesions. 'The B-K mole syndrome'. , 1978, Archives of dermatology.

[35]  J. Hunter.  CUTANEOUS MALIGNANT MELANOMA , 1976, International journal of dermatology.

[36]  A Breslow,et al.  Thickness, Cross‐Sectional Areas and Depth of Invasion in the Prognosis of Cutaneous Melanoma , 1970, Annals of surgery.

[37]  W. Clark,et al.  The histogenesis and biologic behavior of primary human malignant melanomas of the skin. , 1969, Cancer research.

[38]  T. Dasgupta,et al.  PROGNOSIS IN MALIGNANT MELANOMA. , 1964, Surgery.

[39]  D. Whiteman,et al.  Childhood sun exposure as a risk factor for melanoma: a systematic review of epidemiologic studies , 2004, Cancer Causes & Control.

[40]  A. Cochran.  Melanocytic tumors : a guide to diagnosis , 1997 .

[41]  J. Elwood,et al.  Etiological differences between subtypes of cutaneous malignant melanoma: Western Canada Melanoma Study. , 1987, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[42]  A. Cochran,et al.  The Classification of Malignant Melanoma, its Histological Reporting and Registration: A Revision of the 1972 Sydney Classification , 1986, Pathology.

[43]  B Mattsson,et al.  Completeness of the Swedish Cancer Register. Non-notified cancer cases recorded on death certificates in 1978. , 1984, Acta radiologica. Oncology.