Modified two-parameter fracture model for bone

Abstract The analysis of the bone fracture behaviour is fundamental for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of traumas. In the present paper, an experimental campaign on fracture behaviour of bovine femoral cortical bones is conducted to characterise the fracture toughness, K IC S , which is related to the structure and load-bearing capacity of bones. Firstly, K IC S is evaluated through a two-parameter model originally proposed for quasi-brittle materials. To take into account the crack deflection (kinked crack) due to osteons orientation, the two-parameter model is modified by applying the Castigliano theorem. Fracture toughness results here obtained are compared with those related to a femur of an 18-month-old bovine, available in the literature.

[1]  P Zioupos,et al.  Mechanical properties and the hierarchical structure of bone. , 1998, Medical engineering & physics.

[2]  R. Ritchie,et al.  On the Mechanistic Origins of Toughness in Bone , 2010 .

[3]  Laura Vergani,et al.  Understanding the structure–property relationship in cortical bone to design a biomimetic composite , 2016 .

[4]  Ryoji Yuuki,et al.  Crack-morphological aspects in fracture mechanics , 1975 .

[5]  Laura Vergani,et al.  Bone Toughness and Crack Propagation: An Experimental Study , 2014 .

[6]  R O Ritchie,et al.  The true toughness of human cortical bone measured with realistically short cracks. , 2008, Nature materials.

[7]  David B. Burr,et al.  Skeletal Tissue Mechanics , 1998, Springer New York.

[8]  Ani Ural,et al.  Multiscale modeling of bone fracture using cohesive finite elements , 2013 .

[9]  Surendra P. Shah,et al.  A fracture mechanics model to predict the rate sensitivity of mode I fracture of concrete , 1987 .

[10]  R O Ritchie,et al.  Mechanistic aspects of fracture and R-curve behavior in human cortical bone. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[11]  J. Katz,et al.  The structure and biomechanics of bone. , 1980, Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology.

[12]  H. Mahfuz,et al.  Improvement of the fracture toughness of hydroxyapatite (HAp) by incorporation of carboxyl functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (CfSWCNTs) and nylon. , 2016, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[13]  R O Ritchie,et al.  Fracture in human cortical bone: local fracture criteria and toughening mechanisms. , 2005, Journal of biomechanics.

[14]  J. Rice,et al.  Slightly curved or kinked cracks , 1980 .

[15]  S. Popoff,et al.  Bone cell biology: the regulation of development, structure, and function in the skeleton. , 1988, The American journal of anatomy.

[16]  R. Ritchie,et al.  Mechanistic fracture criteria for the failure of human cortical bone , 2003, Nature materials.

[17]  R O Ritchie,et al.  On the origin of the toughness of mineralized tissue: microcracking or crack bridging? , 2004, Bone.

[18]  Hiroshi Tada,et al.  The stress analysis of cracks handbook , 2000 .

[19]  Grace X. Gu,et al.  Bone‐Inspired Materials by Design: Toughness Amplification Observed Using 3D Printing and Testing   , 2016 .

[20]  Vadim V. Silberschmidt,et al.  Analysis of fracture processes in cortical bone tissue , 2013 .

[21]  Yuehuei H. An,et al.  Mechanical testing of bone and the bone-implant interface , 1999 .

[22]  L. Vergani,et al.  Design and characterization of a biomimetic composite inspired to human bone , 2014 .

[23]  R O Ritchie,et al.  Effect of aging on the toughness of human cortical bone: evaluation by R-curves. , 2004, Bone.

[24]  Surendra P. Shah,et al.  Two Parameter Fracture Model for Concrete , 1985 .