Functional Electrical Stimulation in Spinal Cord Injury: Clinical Evidence versus Daily Practice

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has clinical evidence in the rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury. Nevertheless, looking into daily clinical practice, the use of FES is poor. Expenditure of time, complexity of technical equipment and compliance and acceptance of therapists and patients should be discussed as limiting factors.

[1]  Naoto Shiba,et al.  Surface electrical stimulation to realize task oriented hand motion , 2009, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[2]  Chester H Ho,et al.  The use of sensory electrical stimulation for pressure ulcer prevention , 2010, Physiotherapy theory and practice.

[3]  L. Sedighipour,et al.  The Effect of Electrical Passive Cycling on Spasticity in War Veterans with Spinal Cord Injury , 2011, Front. Neur..

[4]  U Stanic,et al.  Functional electrical stimulation of abdominal muscles to augment tidal volume in spinal cord injury. , 2000, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[5]  Ya-Hsin Hsueh,et al.  Cycling exercise with functional electrical stimulation improves postural control in stroke patients. , 2012, Gait & posture.

[6]  T Gordon,et al.  Muscle atrophy and procedures for training after spinal cord injury. , 1994, Physical therapy.

[7]  R. Kearney,et al.  The effects of long-term FES-assisted walking on intrinsic and reflex dynamic stiffness in spastic spinal-cord-injured subjects , 2002, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[8]  Mark Nash,et al.  Effects of functional electrical stimulation training for six months on body composition and spasticity in motor complete tetraplegic spinal cord-injured individuals. , 2002, Journal of rehabilitation medicine.

[9]  Glen M Davis,et al.  Evoked EMG and Muscle Fatigue During Isokinetic FES‐Cycling in Individuals With SCI , 2011, Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society.

[10]  R. Scelsi,et al.  Skeletal Muscle Pathology after Spinal Cord Injury : Our 20 Year Experience and Results on Skeletal Muscle Changes in Paraplegics , Related to Functional Rehabilitation , 2002 .

[11]  K. Hayes,et al.  Electrical stimulation therapy increases rate of healing of pressure ulcers in community-dwelling people with spinal cord injury. , 2010, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[12]  C. S. Bickel,et al.  Changes in skeletal muscle size and glucose tolerance with electrically stimulated resistance training in subjects with chronic spinal cord injury. , 2005, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[13]  The relationship between exercise work intervals and duration of exercise on lower extremity training induced by electrical stimulation in humans with spinal cord injuries , 2000, European Journal of Applied Physiology.

[14]  Milos R Popovic,et al.  Functional electrical stimulation therapy for grasping in traumatic incomplete spinal cord injury: randomized control trial. , 2011, Artificial organs.

[15]  S. Groot,et al.  Effects of electrical stimulation-induced gluteal versus gluteal and hamstring muscles activation on sitting pressure distribution in persons with a spinal cord injury , 2012, Spinal Cord.

[16]  P. Houghton,et al.  Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of electrical stimulation therapy for pressure ulcers in spinal cord injury. , 2011, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.