A Superliquid in Two Dimensions and a First‐Order Change in a Condensed Monolayer II. Abnormal Viscosity Relations of Alcohol Monolayers in Condensed Liquid Phases

The new LS phase found in alcohol monolayers has the compressibility of a solid and, at temperatures near that of the first‐order L2⇌LS transition, the low viscosity of a very highly fluid liquid. The viscosity is almost independent of pressure, but varies in an abnormal way with temperature. For example, octadecanol exhibits a minimum viscosity at about 8.8°C. As is normal, the viscosity increases with decrease of temperature over the small range from 8.8° to 7.5°C where a transition to the S phase occurs. However, above 8.8°C an increase of temperature of 16° increases the viscosity of the LS phase by a factor of 25, and changes it from Newtonian to non‐Newtonian. At a pressure of 18 dynes cm−1 the logarithm of the viscosity above 12°C varies nearly either as T, or as 1/T. At other pressures (Fig. 5) the relations are different. At 1 dyne cm−1 the viscosity of the condensed liquid (L2) phase decreases in a normal way with temperature, but at 12 dynes cm−1 the relation is reversed and is abnormal, since ...