The role of semen in sexual transmission of HIV: beyond a carrier for virus particles.

[1]  G. Doncel,et al.  Role of Semen in HIV‐1 Transmission: Inhibitor or facilitator? , 2011, American journal of reproductive immunology.

[2]  W. Wieland-Alter,et al.  Semen Protects CD4+ Target Cells from HIV Infection but Promotes the Preferential Transmission of R5 Tropic HIV , 2010, The Journal of Immunology.

[3]  P. Borrow,et al.  Innate immunity against HIV: a priority target for HIV prevention research , 2010, Retrovirology.

[4]  W. Greene,et al.  Semen-mediated enhancement of HIV infection is donor-dependent and correlates with the levels of SEVI , 2010, Retrovirology.

[5]  S. Gringhuis,et al.  HIV-1 exploits innate signaling by TLR8 and DC-SIGN for productive infection of dendritic cells , 2010, Nature Immunology.

[6]  Ashley T. Haase,et al.  Targeting early infection to prevent HIV-1 mucosal transmission , 2010, Nature.

[7]  J. Martinez-Picado,et al.  HIV and Mature Dendritic Cells: Trojan Exosomes Riding the Trojan Horse? , 2010, PLoS pathogens.

[8]  J. Norman,et al.  Inflammatory pathways in female reproductive health and disease. , 2009, Reproduction.

[9]  M. Vazquez-Levin,et al.  Spermatozoa capture HIV-1 through heparan sulfate and efficiently transmit the virus to dendritic cells , 2009, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[10]  A. Cole,et al.  Cationic polypeptides contribute to the anti‐HIV‐1 activity of human seminal plasma , 2009, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[11]  W. Paxton,et al.  Mucin 6 in seminal plasma binds DC-SIGN and potently blocks dendritic cell mediated transfer of HIV-1 to CD4(+) T-lymphocytes. , 2009, Virology.

[12]  S. Gringhuis,et al.  Signalling through C-type lectin receptors: shaping immune responses , 2009, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[13]  A. Perelson,et al.  Genetic identity, biological phenotype, and evolutionary pathways of transmitted/founder viruses in acute and early HIV-1 infection , 2009, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[14]  Alison S Care,et al.  Seminal Fluid Drives Expansion of the CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cell Pool and Induces Tolerance to Paternal Alloantigens in Mice1 , 2009, Biology of reproduction.

[15]  S. Robertson,et al.  Regulatory T-cells and immune tolerance in pregnancy: a new target for infertility treatment? , 2009, Human reproduction update.

[16]  J. L. Ding,et al.  Local Inflammation Induces Complement Crosstalk Which Amplifies the Antimicrobial Response , 2009, PLoS pathogens.

[17]  W. Greene,et al.  The Cationic Properties of SEVI Underlie Its Ability To Enhance Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection , 2008, Journal of Virology.

[18]  R. Badia,et al.  The effect of oxidative environment on immunosuppressive properties of human seminal plasma. , 2008, American journal of reproductive immunology.

[19]  C. Garlanda,et al.  Inflammatory reaction and implantation: the new entries PTX3 and D6. , 2008, Placenta.

[20]  C. Heijnen,et al.  Embryonic implantation: cytokines, adhesion molecules, and immune cells in establishing an implantation environment , 2008, Journal of leukocyte biology.

[21]  T. Geijtenbeek,et al.  Langerhans cells and viral immunity , 2008, European journal of immunology.

[22]  J. Boyce.  Eicosanoids in asthma, allergic inflammation, and host defense. , 2008, Current molecular medicine.

[23]  M. McElrath,et al.  Setting the stage: host invasion by HIV , 2008, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[24]  Hui Li,et al.  Identification and characterization of transmitted and early founder virus envelopes in primary HIV-1 infection , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[25]  F. Kirchhoff,et al.  Semen-Derived Amyloid Fibrils Drastically Enhance HIV Infection , 2007, Cell.

[26]  Richard A Flavell,et al.  ‘Yin–Yang’ functions of transforming growth factor‐β and T regulatory cells in immune regulation , 2007, Immunological reviews.

[27]  A. Lenzi,et al.  HIV-1 viral DNA is present in ejaculated abnormal spermatozoa of seropositive subjects. , 2007, Human reproduction.

[28]  L. Tucker,et al.  Concentrations and significance of cytokines and other immunologic factors in semen of healthy fertile men. , 2007, Human reproduction.

[29]  H. Salomón,et al.  Human Seminal Plasma Abrogates the Capture and Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 to CD4+ T Cells Mediated by DC-SIGN , 2007, Journal of Virology.

[30]  S. Amigorena,et al.  Extracellular Acidosis Triggers the Maturation of Human Dendritic Cells and the Production of IL-121 , 2007, The Journal of Immunology.

[31]  S. Robertson,et al.  Seminal plasma differentially regulates inflammatory cytokine gene expression in human cervical and vaginal epithelial cells. , 2007, Molecular human reproduction.

[32]  Y. Kooyk,et al.  Langerin is a natural barrier to HIV-1 transmission by Langerhans cells , 2007, Nature Medicine.

[33]  R. Connor.  Sensitivity of non-clade B primary HIV-1 isolates to mildly acidic pH. , 2006, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

[34]  A. Cunningham,et al.  Mucosal transmission of HIV-1: first stop dendritic cells. , 2006, Current drug targets.

[35]  V. KewalRamani,et al.  Dendritic-cell interactions with HIV: infection and viral dissemination , 2006, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[36]  C. Sousa,et al.  Dendritic cells in a mature age , 2006, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[37]  Matthias Mann,et al.  Large-scale and high-confidence proteomic analysis of human seminal plasma , 2006, Genome Biology.

[38]  R. Baxendale,et al.  Regulation of mammalian sperm capacitation by endogenous molecules. , 2006, Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library.

[39]  F. Lucht,et al.  Seminal plasma promotes the attraction of Langerhans cells via the secretion of CCL20 by vaginal epithelial cells: involvement in the sexual transmission of HIV. , 2006, Human reproduction.

[40]  M. Lederman,et al.  Microbicides and other topical strategies to prevent vaginal transmission of HIV , 2006, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[41]  P. Klasse,et al.  How Do Viral and Host Factors Modulate the Sexual Transmission of HIV? Can Transmission Be Blocked? , 2006, PLoS medicine.

[42]  Richard J Hayes,et al.  Herpes simplex virus 2 infection increases HIV acquisition in men and women: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies , 2006, AIDS.

[43]  David F Katz,et al.  A review of the physical and chemical properties of human semen and the formulation of a semen simulant. , 2005, Journal of andrology.

[44]  H. Harizi,et al.  The impact of eicosanoids on the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity: the key roles of dendritic cells. , 2005, Tissue antigens.

[45]  O. Laeyendecker,et al.  Rates of HIV-1 transmission per coital act, by stage of HIV-1 infection, in Rakai, Uganda. , 2005, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[46]  E. Soilleux,et al.  Binding and Transfer of Human Immunodeficiency Virus by DC-SIGN+ Cells in Human Rectal Mucosa , 2005, Journal of Virology.

[47]  L. M. Glodé,et al.  A comprehensive characterization of the peptide and protein constituents of human seminal fluid , 2004, The Prostate.

[48]  C. Celum.  The interaction between herpes simplex virus and human immunodeficiency virus. , 2004, Herpes : the journal of the IHMF.

[49]  N. Joshi,et al.  USE OF ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY TO REVEAL SPERM ULTRASTRUCTURE IN HIV-PATIENTS ON HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY , 2004, Archives of andrology.

[50]  T. Quinn,et al.  Human immunodeficiency virus acquisition associated with genital ulcer disease and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection: a nested case-control study in Rakai, Uganda. , 2003, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[51]  John P. Moore,et al.  Inhibiting sexual transmission of HIV-1 infection , 2003, Nature Reviews Microbiology.

[52]  Y. Kooyk,et al.  DC-SIGN: escape mechanism for pathogens , 2003, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[53]  S. Robertson,et al.  Transforming growth factor β—a mediator of immune deviation in seminal plasma , 2002 .

[54]  M. Kazatchkine,et al.  Opsonization of HIV-1 by Semen Complement Enhances Infection of Human Epithelial Cells , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[55]  S. Robertson,et al.  The role of semen in induction of maternal immune tolerance to pregnancy. , 2001, Seminars in immunology.

[56]  P. Bennett,et al.  Human labour is associated with nuclear factor-kappaB activity which mediates cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression and is involved with the 'functional progesterone withdrawal'. , 2001, Molecular human reproduction.

[57]  R. Brookmeyer,et al.  Probability of HIV-1 transmission per coital act in monogamous, heterosexual, HIV-1-discordant couples in Rakai, Uganda , 2001, The Lancet.

[58]  A. Lardner.  The effects of extracellular pH on immune function , 2001, Journal of leukocyte biology.

[59]  Douglas S Kwon,et al.  DC-SIGN, a Dendritic Cell–Specific HIV-1-Binding Protein that Enhances trans-Infection of T Cells , 2000, Cell.

[60]  D. Anderson,et al.  Microscopic evidence against HIV-1 infection of germ cells or attachment to sperm. , 1999, Journal of reproductive immunology.

[61]  E. Vittinghoff,et al.  Per-contact risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission between male sexual partners. , 1999, American journal of epidemiology.

[62]  M. García-Closas,et al.  Epidemiologic determinants of vaginal pH. , 1999, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[63]  D. Anderson,et al.  Microscopic evidence against HIV-1 infection of germ cells or attachment to sperm. , 1998, Journal of reproductive immunology.

[64]  A. di Caro,et al.  The debate on the presence of HIV-1 in human gametes. , 1998, Journal of reproductive immunology.

[65]  C. Rouzioux,et al.  Detection of HIV-1 in seminal plasma and seminal cells of HIV-1 seropositive men. , 1998, Journal of reproductive immunology.

[66]  R. Kelly,et al.  Immunomodulation by human seminal plasma: a benefit for spermatozoon and pathogen? , 1997, Human reproduction.

[67]  D. Anderson,et al.  T lymphocytes and macrophages, but not motile spermatozoa, are a significant source of human immunodeficiency virus in semen. , 1997, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[68]  E. Vittinghoff,et al.  Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in northern California: results from a ten-year study. , 1997, American journal of epidemiology.

[69]  D. Vlahov,et al.  Postcoital vaginal bleeding as a risk factor for transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus in a heterosexual partner study in Brazil. , 1997 .

[70]  L. Bélec,et al.  Vaginal pH neutralization by semen as a cofactor of HIV transmission. , 1997, Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

[71]  O. Bagasra,et al.  Detection of HIV‐1 proviral DNA in sperm from HIV‐1-infected men , 1994, AIDS.

[72]  A. di Caro,et al.  HIV-particles in spermatozoa of patients with AIDS and their transfer into the oocyte , 1994, The Journal of cell biology.

[73]  G. Nuovo,et al.  HIV-1 nucleic acids localize to the spermatogonia and their progeny. A study by polymerase chain reaction in situ hybridization. , 1994, The American journal of pathology.

[74]  I. Cooke,et al.  The Leukocytic Reaction of the Human Uterine Cervix , 1992, American journal of reproductive immunology.

[75]  D. Katzenstein,et al.  Detection of human immunodeficiency virus DNA and RNA in semen by the polymerase chain reaction. , 1991, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[76]  P. Piot,et al.  Genital ulcers, other sexually transmitted diseases, and the sexual transmission of HIV. , 1989, BMJ.

[77]  J. De Pont,et al.  Buffering capacity of human semen. , 1986, Fertility and sterility.

[78]  J. Cohen,et al.  The leukocytic reaction of the human uterine cervix to spermatozoa. , 1985, Fertility and sterility.

[79]  Thompson Rj,et al.  Investigation of microtrauma after sexual intercourse. , 1984 .

[80]  V. E. Johnson,et al.  The physiology of the vaginal reproductive function. , 1961, Western journal of surgery, obstetrics, and gynecology.

[81]  T. Geijtenbeek,et al.  Distinct roles for DC-SIGN+-dendritic cells and Langerhans cells in HIV-1 transmission. , 2008, Trends in molecular medicine.

[82]  Myron S. Cohen,et al.  The role of sexually transmitted diseases in HIV transmission , 2004, Nature Reviews Microbiology.

[83]  Christopher J. Miller,et al.  Target cells in vaginal HIV transmission. , 2003, Microbes and infection.

[84]  Laurence Zitvogel,et al.  Antigen presentation and T cell stimulation by dendritic cells. , 2002, Annual review of immunology.

[85]  C. Dauguet,et al.  Spermatozoa as potential carriers of HIV. , 1993, Research in virology.

[86]  C. Kempf,et al.  Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by low pH and pepsin. , 1991, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.