Self-efficacy and health behaviours.

Self-referent thought has become an issue that pervades psychological research in many domains. In 1977, the famous psychologist Albert Bandura at Stanford University introduced the concept of perceived self-efficacy in the context of cognitive behaviour modification. It has been found that a strong sense of personal efficacy is related to better health, higher achievement, and more social integration. This concept has been applied to such diverse areas as school achievement, emotional disorders, mental and physical health, career choice, and sociopolitical change. It has become a key variable in clinical, educational, social, developmental, health, and personality psychology. The present chapter refers to its influence on the adoption, initiation, and maintenance of health behaviours. It represents the key construct in Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1977, 1986, 1991, 1992).

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