11. HIGH-RESOLUTION, DOWNHOLE, AND NONDESTRUCTIVE CORE MEASUREMENTS FROM SITES 999 AND 1001 IN THE CARIBBEAN SEA: APPLICATION TO THE LATE PALEOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM 1

Pelagic sediments recording an extreme and short-lived global warming event, the Late Paleocene Thermal Maximum (LPTM), were recovered from Hole 999B (Colombian Basin) and Holes 1001A and 1001B (lower Nicaraguan Rise) in the Caribbean Sea during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 165. The LPTM consists of a 0.3–0.97 m calcareous claystone to claystone horizon. High-resolution downhole logging (Formation MicroScanner [FMS]), standard downhole logs (resistivity, velocity, density, natural gamma ray, and geochemical log), and non-destructive chemical and physical property (multisensor core logger [MSCL] and X-ray fluorescence [XRF] core scanner) data were used to identify composite sections from parallel holes and to record sedimentological and environmental changes associated with the LPTM. Downhole logging data indicate an abrupt and distinct difference in physical and chemical properties that extend for tens of meters above and below the LPTM. These observations indicate a rapid environmental change at the LPTM, which persists beyond the LPTM anomaly. Comparisons of gamma-ray attenuation porosity evaluator (GRAPE) densities from MSCL logging on split cores with FMS resistivity values allows core-to-log correlation with a high degree of accuracy. High-resolution magnetic susceptibility measurements of the cores are compared with elemental concentrations (e.g., Fe, Ca) analyzed by highresolution XRF scanning. The high-resolution data obtained from several detailed core and downhole logging methods are the key to the construction of composite sections, the correlation of both adjacent holes and distant sites, and core-log integration. These continuous-depth series reveal the LPTM as a multiphase event with a nearly instantaneous onset, followed by a much different set of physical and chemical conditions of short duration, succeeded by a longer transition to a new, more permanent set of environmental circumstances. The estimated duration of these “phases” are consistent with paleontological and isotopic studies of the LPTM.