Exploring the Information Source Preferences Among Canadian Adult Golf League Members

With an aging demographic, and the abundance of physical inactivity in Canada, sport professionals need to understand how best to recruit and retain adults in sport and recreational activities, namely, golf leagues.  Canadian golf league participants (N = 419; Mage = 62 years old) completed an online survey detailing their propensity to utilize a variety of information sources prior to making the decision to join a golf league.  Results from a principal component analysis of a revised Information Sources Inventory, suggested that golfers in this sample were most likely to utilize Personal and Social sources of information associated with their league participation decision.  While no differences emerged in information source preferences across Age or levels of Involvement, women (m = 4.12, SD = 1.30) were significantly more likely to utilize Public information sources than were men (m = 3.64, SD = 1.26).  Implications from the information source preferences are discussed with the goal of generating more effective marketing strategies to recruit new golfers, lapsed golfers, or golfers who do not currently engage in league play.

[1]  C. Whan Park,et al.  Types and Levels of Involvement and Brand Attitude Formation , 1983 .

[2]  Sharon Shavitt,et al.  The role of attitude objects in attitude functions , 1990 .

[3]  J. Zaichkowsky Measuring the Involvement Construct , 1985 .

[4]  A. Broderick,et al.  A theoretical and empirical exegesis of the consumer involvement construct : the psychology of the food shopper. , 1999 .

[5]  Jon A. Krosnick,et al.  Satisficing in surveys: Initial evidence , 1996 .

[6]  A. Hede,et al.  Marketing communications for special events: Analysing managerial practice, consumer perceptions and preferences , 2011 .

[7]  J. Eatman,et al.  Integrated marketing. , 2006, Profiles in healthcare communications.

[8]  Joan Meyers-Levy,et al.  Gender Differences in the Use of Message Cues and Judgments , 1991 .

[9]  Ronald E. Goldsmith,et al.  Application of the personal involvement inventory in marketing , 1993 .

[10]  I-Min Lee,et al.  Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. , 2007, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[11]  David E. Booth,et al.  Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data , 2000, Technometrics.

[12]  K. B. Murray A Test of Services Marketing Theory: Consumer Information Acquisition Activities , 1991 .

[13]  M. E. Gordon,et al.  Relationship marketing effectiveness: The role of involvement , 1998 .

[14]  K. Raitz,et al.  A Note About Information Sources for Preferred Recreational Environments , 1989 .

[15]  Angela P. Wetzel Internet, mail, and mixed‐mode surveys: The tailored design method , 2010 .

[16]  Xinran Y. Lehto,et al.  Gender differences in online travel information search: Implications for marketing communications on the internet , 2007 .

[17]  D. Scott,et al.  An exploration of the relationships among social psychological involvement, behavioral involvement, commitment, and future intentions in the context of birdwatching. , 1997 .

[18]  F. Lera-López,et al.  Determinants of sports participation and attendance: differences and similarities , 2011 .

[19]  B. Tabachnick,et al.  Using multivariate statistics, 5th ed. , 2007 .

[20]  C. Fornell,et al.  Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. , 1981 .

[21]  P. Bentler,et al.  Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis : Conventional criteria versus new alternatives , 1999 .

[22]  Joan Meyers-Levy,et al.  Gender Differences in the Use of Message Cues and Judgments , 1991 .

[23]  S. Edgett,et al.  Service Organization Selection: A Cross‐cultural Analysis of the Role of Involvement , 1993 .

[24]  Daniel L. Sherrell,et al.  Consumer Search: An Extended Framework , 1986 .

[25]  T. Strandvik,et al.  Invisible communication: a challenge to established marketing communication , 2012 .

[26]  A. Pressey,et al.  Consumer information search and credence services: implications for service providers , 2013 .

[27]  Carol C. Bienstock,et al.  Measuring Involvement With the Service: A Further Investigation of Scale Validity and Dimensionality , 2006 .

[28]  B. Tabachnick,et al.  Using Multivariate Statistics , 1983 .

[29]  Kevin Celuch,et al.  Involvement with Services: An Empirical Replication and Extension of Zaichkowsky's Personal Involvement Inventory , 1999 .

[30]  J. Zaichkowsky The Personal Involvement Inventory: Reduction, Revision, and Application to Advertising , 1994 .

[31]  S. Lohr Coverage and Sampling , 2008 .