Proteomics analysis of human breast milk by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE) coupled with mass spectrometry to assess breast cancer risk

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers and one of the most common causes for cancer‐related mortality. Discovery of protein biomarkers associated with cancer is considered important for early diagnosis and prediction of the cancer risk. Protein biomarkers could be investigated by large‐scale protein investigation or proteomics, using mass spectrometry (MS)‐based techniques. Our group applies MS‐based proteomics to study the protein pattern in human breast milk from women with BC and controls and investigates the alterations and dysregulations of breast milk proteins in comparison pairs of BC versus control. These dysregulated proteins might be considered potential future biomarkers of BC. Identification of potential biomarkers in breast milk may benefit young women without BC, but who could collect the milk for future assessment of BC risk. Previously we identified several dysregulated proteins in different sets of human breast milk samples from BC patients and controls using gel‐based protein separation coupled with MS. Here, we performed 2D‐PAGE coupled with nano‐liquid chromatography–tandem MS (nanoLC‐MS/MS) in a small‐scale study on a set of six human breast milk pairs (three BC samples vs. three controls) and we identified several dysregulated proteins that have potential roles in cancer progression and might be considered potential BC biomarkers in the future.