A TDDFT/MMPol/PCM model for the simulation of exciton-coupled circular dichroism spectra.

We present a quantum-mechanical excitonic model to compute CD spectra of multichromophoric compounds. All the quantities needed to build the excitonic Hamiltonian are obtained through QM calculations in which the interactions among the chromophoric units are described in terms of full transition densities instead of reverting to the common dipole-dipole approximation. Environmental effects due to solvation and the perturbation due to other surrounding units are included in a self-consistent way using a polarizable continuum model and a polarizable MM approach, respectively. The application to two different coordination compounds shows that the method not only successfully reproduces the experimental spectra but it can also be used to investigate and dissect the role of the various effects contributing to the final result, such as intra-molecular coupling terms and environment effects. This method can therefore represent an ab initio-alternative to the widely applied matrix-based approach, and in principle it has the advantage of not requiring the knowledge of any experimental data a priori or the transition dipole parameters.

[1]  Thomas R. Cundari,et al.  Reviews in Computational Chemistry, Reviews in Computational Chemistry , 2000 .

[2]  L. Di Bari,et al.  Solution versus solid-state structure of ytterbium heterobimetallic catalysts. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[3]  Howard DeVoe,et al.  Optical Properties of Molecular Aggregates. I. Classical Model of Electronic Absorption and Refraction , 1964 .

[4]  L. D. Bari,et al.  Conformational Study of 2,2‘-Homosubstituted 1,1‘-Binaphthyls by Means of UV and CD Spectroscopy , 1999 .

[5]  I. Ciofini,et al.  Accurate simulation of optical properties in dyes. , 2009, Accounts of chemical research.

[6]  Benedetta Mennucci,et al.  Toward a Unified Modeling of Environment and Bridge-Mediated Contributions to Electronic Energy Transfer: A Fully Polarizable QM/MM/PCM Approach. , 2012, Journal of chemical theory and computation.

[7]  Benedetta Mennucci,et al.  Fretting about FRET: failure of the ideal dipole approximation. , 2009, Biophysical journal.

[8]  John R. Platt,et al.  Classification of Spectra of Cata-Condensed Hydrocarbons , 1949 .

[9]  J. Autschbach,et al.  Calculation of optical rotatory dispersion and electronic circular dichroism for tris-bidentate groups 8 and 9 metal complexes, with emphasis on exciton coupling. , 2011, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[10]  K. Nishimoto ELECTRONIC SPECTRA AND STRUCTURE OF a- AND -NAPHTHOL , 1963 .

[11]  Jacopo Tomasi,et al.  Excitation energy transfer (EET) between molecules in condensed matter: a novel application of the polarizable continuum model (PCM). , 2004, Journal of Chemical Physics.

[12]  I. Hanazaki,et al.  Optical rotatory power of 2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl and related compounds , 1972 .

[13]  L. Forster,et al.  Self-Consistent Field Calculations of α- and β-Naphthol1 , 1965 .

[14]  Th. Förster Energiewanderung und Fluoreszenz , 1946 .

[15]  Andreas Dreuw,et al.  Single-reference ab initio methods for the calculation of excited states of large molecules. , 2005, Chemical reviews.

[16]  Masakatsu Shibasaki,et al.  Basic character of rare earth metal alkoxides. Utilization in catalytic C-C bond-forming reactions and catalytic asymmetric nitroaldol reactions , 1992 .

[17]  Tadashi Mori,et al.  Axial chirality of donor-donor, donor-acceptor, and tethered 1,1'-binaphthyls: a theoretical revisit with dynamics trajectories. , 2011, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[18]  H. B. Klevens,et al.  Spectral Resemblances of Cata‐Condensed Hydrocarbons , 1949 .

[19]  N. Berova,et al.  Application of electronic circular dichroism in configurational and conformational analysis of organic compounds. , 2007, Chemical Society reviews.

[20]  K. Fujimoto Transition-density-fragment interaction approach for exciton-coupled circular dichroism spectra. , 2010, The Journal of chemical physics.

[21]  F. Spano,et al.  Absorption, circular dichroism, and photoluminescence in perylene diimide bichromophores: polarization-dependent H- and J-aggregate behavior. , 2012, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[22]  J. Kongsted,et al.  Electronic Energy Transfer in Condensed Phase Studied by a Polarizable QM/MM Model. , 2009, Journal of chemical theory and computation.

[23]  C. Rosini,et al.  Enantiopure Dendrimers Derived from the 1,1′-Binaphthyl Moiety: A Correlation Between Chiroptical Properties and Conformation of the 1,1′-Binaphthyl Template , 2000 .

[24]  Carlo Rosini,et al.  Structural determinations by circular dichroism spectra analysis using coupled oscillator methods: an update of the applications of the DeVoe polarizability model. , 2004, Chirality.

[25]  L. D. Bari,et al.  Anomalous CD/UV Exciton Splitting of a Binaphthyl Derivative: The Case of 2,2‘-Diiodo-1,1‘-binaphthalene , 2000 .

[26]  L. Di Bari,et al.  [Ln(binolam)3]·(OTf)3, a new class of propeller-shaped lanthanide(III) salt complexes as enantioselective catalysts: structure, dynamics and mechanistic insight. , 2010, Chemistry.

[27]  S. Grimme,et al.  Experimental and theoretical study of the CD spectra and conformational properties of axially chiral 2,2'-, 3,3'-, and 4,4'-biphenol ethers. , 2007, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[28]  Carlo Adamo,et al.  The calculations of excited-state properties with Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. , 2013, Chemical Society reviews.

[29]  Satoshi Suzuki,et al.  Electronic Spectra of Substituted Aromatic Hydrocarbons. II. Naphthols and Naphthylamines , 1961 .

[30]  Howard DeVoe,et al.  Optical Properties of Molecular Aggregates. II. Classical Theory of the Refraction, Absorption, and Optical Activity of Solutions and Crystals , 1965 .

[31]  Evert Jan Baerends,et al.  Asymptotic correction of the exchange-correlation kernel of time-dependent density functional theory for long-range charge-transfer excitations. , 2004, The Journal of chemical physics.

[32]  P. Kollman,et al.  Atomic charges derived from semiempirical methods , 1990 .

[33]  F. Buda,et al.  Theoretical spectroscopy of astaxanthin in crustacyanin proteins: absorption, circular dichroism, and nuclear magnetic resonance. , 2011, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[34]  M. E. Casida,et al.  Progress in time-dependent density-functional theory. , 2011, Annual review of physical chemistry.

[35]  N. Handy,et al.  A new hybrid exchange–correlation functional using the Coulomb-attenuating method (CAM-B3LYP) , 2004 .

[36]  Jacopo Tomasi,et al.  Geometries and properties of excited states in the gas phase and in solution: theory and application of a time-dependent density functional theory polarizable continuum model. , 2006, The Journal of chemical physics.

[37]  B. Roos,et al.  A theoretical study of the electronic spectrum of naphthalene , 1994 .

[38]  P. Carroll,et al.  Insight into substrate binding in Shibasaki's Li3(THF)n(BINOLate)3Ln complexes and implications in catalysis. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[39]  B. Bosnich Application of exciton theory to the determination of the absolute configurations of inorganic complexes , 1969 .

[40]  Mark S Gordon,et al.  Benchmarking the performance of time-dependent density functional methods. , 2012, The Journal of chemical physics.

[41]  P. Kollman,et al.  An approach to computing electrostatic charges for molecules , 1984 .

[42]  Jean Michel Brunel,et al.  BINOL: a versatile chiral reagent. , 2005, Chemical reviews.

[43]  P. T. V. Duijnen,et al.  Molecular and Atomic Polarizabilities: Thole's Model Revisited , 1998 .

[44]  David J. Tozer,et al.  Relationship between long-range charge-transfer excitation energy error and integer discontinuity in Kohn–Sham theory , 2003 .

[45]  D. Řeha,et al.  Racemization barriers of 1,1'-binaphthyl and 1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-diol: a DFT study. , 2003, The Journal of organic chemistry.

[46]  Donald G Truhlar,et al.  Density functionals with broad applicability in chemistry. , 2008, Accounts of chemical research.

[47]  E. Abouzari‐Lotf,et al.  Binaphthyl-based macromolecules: a review , 2013 .

[48]  F. van Mourik,et al.  Spectroscopy and structure of bacteriochlorophyll dimers. I. Structural consequences of nonconservative circular dichroism spectra. , 1997, Biophysical journal.

[49]  J. Tomasi,et al.  Quantum mechanical continuum solvation models. , 2005, Chemical reviews.

[50]  Johannes Neugebauer,et al.  Couplings between electronic transitions in a subsystem formulation of time-dependent density functional theory. , 2007, The Journal of chemical physics.

[51]  Hiroshi Nakatsuji,et al.  Formulation and implementation of direct algorithm for the symmetry-adapted cluster and symmetry-adapted cluster-configuration interaction method. , 2008, The Journal of chemical physics.

[52]  N. Berova,et al.  Comprehensive Chiroptical Spectroscopy , 2011 .

[53]  M. Kasha,et al.  The exciton model in molecular spectroscopy , 1965 .

[54]  N. Berova,et al.  Theoretical analysis of the porphyrin-porphyrin exciton interaction in circular dichroism spectra of dimeric tetraarylporphyrins. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.