Mass spectrometry in polymer chemistry: a state-of-the-art up-date

Two decades after the introduction of matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI), soft ionization mass spectrometry represents a powerful toolset for the structural investigation of synthetic polymers. The present review highlights the current state-of-the-art, covering the latest developments of novel techniques, enabling instrumentation as well as the important applications of soft ionization MS from the beginning of 2008. Special attention is paid to the role that soft ionization MS has played in the mechanistic investigation of radical polymerization processes since 2005.

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[53]  Christopher Barner-Kowollik,et al.  Design of Experiment (DoE) as a Tool for the Optimization of Source Conditions in SEC-ESI-MS of Functional Synthetic Polymers Synthesized via ATRP. , 2009, Macromolecular rapid communications.

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[79]  Philipp Vana,et al.  Initiation of radical polymerization by peroxyacetates: Polymer end‐group analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry , 2007 .

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[91]  B. Martínez-Haya,et al.  Poly(ethylene glycol) cationization with alkali metals in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization investigated with the solvent-free method , 2008 .

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[112]  Tara M Lovestead,et al.  Mapping photolysis product radical reactivities via soft ionization mass spectrometry in acrylate, methacrylate, and itaconate systems , 2007 .

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[118]  J. Capelo,et al.  Ultrasonic energy as a tool in the sample treatment for polymer characterization through matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry , 2008 .

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[124]  R. Arakawa,et al.  Surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) of low molecular weight organic compounds and synthetic polymers using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. , 2008, Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS.

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[128]  F. Hudecz,et al.  Matrix/analyte ratio influencing polymer molecular weight distribution in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. , 2009, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[129]  C. Barner‐Kowollik,et al.  ATRP poly(acrylate) star formation: A comparative study between MALDI and ESI mass spectrometry , 2009 .

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[135]  T. Knepper,et al.  Aerobic biodegradation of polyethylene glycols of different molecular weights in wastewater and seawater. , 2008, Water research.

[136]  C. Barner‐Kowollik,et al.  Probing mechanistic features of conventional, catalytic and living free radical polymerizations using soft ionization mass spectrometric techniques , 2004 .

[137]  D. Armstrong,et al.  A second-generation ionic liquid matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization matrix for effective mass spectrometric analysis of biodegradable polymers. , 2009, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

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[140]  B. Klumperman,et al.  Intermediate radical termination in reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer-mediated polymerization: Identification of termination products , 2007 .

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[145]  Hyojik Yang,et al.  Effect of Dihydroxybenzoic Acid Isomers on the Analysis of Polyethylene Glycols in MALDI-MS , 2009 .