Fourier transform Raman spectroscopic studies of encrustations formed at the lichen-substratum interface

FT-Raman microscope spectra of lichen-substratum samples of Xanthoria parietina and Ochrolechia parella growing in situ on sandstone have been obtained. The presence of small amounts of calcium oxalate and evidence for biodeterioration by lichen metabolic by-products is confirmed spectroscopically. Comparisons are made with similar studies of aggressive colonization by the high oxalate-producing lichen Dirina massiliensis forma sorediata on Renaissance frescoes. Spatial discrimination of the Raman microprobe technique for high and low oxalate-producing lichens is demonstrated.