The anti-forensics challenge

Computer and Network Forensics has emerged as a new field in IT that is aimed at acquiring and analyzing digital evidence for the purpose of solving cases that involve the use, or more accurately misuse, of computer systems. Many scientific techniques, procedures, and technological tools have been evolved and effectively applied in this field. On the opposite side, Anti-Forensics has recently surfaced as a field that aims at circumventing the efforts and objectives of the field of computer and network forensics. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the challenges introduced by Anti-Forensics, explore the various Anti-Forensics mechanisms, tools and techniques, provide a coherent classification for them, and discuss thoroughly their effectiveness. Moreover, this paper will highlight the challenges seen in implementing effective countermeasures against these techniques. Finally, a set of recommendations are presented with further seen research opportunities.