A Comparison of Precise Leveling and Persistent Scatterer SAR Interferometry for Building Subsidence Rate Measurement

It is well known that the most accurate method to detect changes of height is the geodetic precise leveling method. Due to the high demand work and time needed for precise leveling alternative methods are studied to obtain high quality height information. Differential SAR interferometry techniques such as the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) method are studied to detect millimeter level deformations in urban areas. Additionally, SAR analysis will provide spatially extensive information on subsidence. On the other hand, PSI subsidence rates have not yet been comprehensively compared to the precise leveling measurements of the subsidence of individual buildings. Typically subsidence rates are interpolated to a continuous spatial surface, but in this study, spatially discontinuous subsidence was measured for a set of individual buildings. Therefore, we conducted three precise leveling campaigns and measured in total 82 geodetic-grade bolts, which were tightly attached to the building foundations. Moreover, we used additional leveling data (obtained from the local authorities), which contained long time series of leveling data for individual buildings. In the present study, ERS and ENVISAT satellite SAR data were processed using a PSI algorithm and the results were compared to leveling data of individual buildings.

[1]  J. N. Lima,et al.  Persistent Scatterers Interferometry detects and measures ground subsidence in Lisbon , 2011 .

[2]  Fabio Rocca,et al.  Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry , 2001, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[3]  R. Hanssen,et al.  A Controlled ENVISAT / ERS Persistent Scatterer Experiment , Implications of Corner Reflector Monitoring , 2022 .

[4]  Alfred Stein,et al.  Integrating interferometric SAR data with levelling measurements of land subsidence using geostatistics , 2003 .

[5]  K. Feigl,et al.  Radar interferometry and its application to changes in the Earth's surface , 1998 .

[6]  M. Crosetto,et al.  Generation of Advanced ERS and Envisat Interferometric SAR Products Using the Stable Point Network Technique , 2008 .

[7]  Fabio Rocca,et al.  PSInSAR Validation by Means of a Blind Experiment Using Dihedral Reflectors , 2005 .

[8]  M. Crosetto,et al.  Persistent Scatterer Interferometry: Potential, Limits and Initial C- and X-band Comparison , 2010 .

[9]  Daniele Perissin,et al.  High-Accuracy Urban DEM Using Permanent Scatterers , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[10]  Luke Bateson,et al.  Validation and intercomparison of Persistent Scatterers Interferometry: PSIC4 project results , 2009 .

[11]  Daniel Raucoules,et al.  Use of SAR interferometry for detecting and assessing ground subsidence , 2007 .

[12]  C. Werner,et al.  Interferometric point target analysis for deformation mapping , 2003, IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477).

[13]  Jordi J. Mallorqui,et al.  Analysis of subsidence using TerraSAR-X data: Murcia case study , 2010 .

[14]  Ramon F. Hanssen,et al.  VALIDATION OF POINT SCATTERER PHASE STATISTICS IN MULTI-PASS INSAR , 2005 .

[15]  J. Mulas,et al.  Control of deformation of buildings affected by subsidence using persistent scatterer interferometry , 2010 .

[16]  Fabio Rocca,et al.  Submillimeter Accuracy of InSAR Time Series: Experimental Validation , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[17]  Urs Wegmüller,et al.  Nonuniform Ground Motion Monitoring With TerraSAR-X Persistent Scatterer Interferometry , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[18]  Juha Hyyppä,et al.  Urban land subsidence studies in Finland using synthetic aperture radar images and coherent targets , 2005 .

[19]  Michele Manunta,et al.  Analysis of a subsidence phenomenon via DInSAR data and geotechnical criteria , 2007 .

[20]  J. Wasowski,et al.  Using COSMO/SkyMed X-band and ENVISAT C-band SAR interferometry for landslides analysis , 2012 .

[21]  Juha Hyyppä,et al.  TEST FIELD FOR INSAR URBAN SUBSIDENCE STUDIES , 2007 .

[22]  Markku Poutanen,et al.  Vertical velocities in Finland from permanent GPS networks and from repeated precise levelling , 2003 .

[23]  R. Tomás,et al.  Radar interferometry techniques for the study of ground subsidence phenomena: a review of practical issues through cases in Spain , 2013, Environmental Earth Sciences.

[24]  Ramon F. Hanssen,et al.  Satellite radar interferometry for deformation monitoring: a priori assessment of feasibility and accuracy , 2005 .

[25]  N. Adam,et al.  The STUN algorithm for persistent scatterer interferometry , 2005 .

[26]  Jordi J. Mallorquí,et al.  Linear and nonlinear terrain deformation maps from a reduced set of interferometric SAR images , 2003, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[27]  Salvador Ivorra,et al.  Subsidence damage assessment of a Gothic church using differential interferometry and field data , 2012 .

[28]  Daniele Perissin,et al.  ERS-ENVISAT permanent scatterers interferometry , 2003, IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477).

[29]  Jordi Joan Mallorquí Franquet,et al.  Linear and nonlinear terrain deformation maps from a reduced set of interferometric SAR images , 2003 .

[30]  Marco van der Kooij,et al.  Coherent Target Monitoring at High Spatial Density: Examples of Validation Results , 2006 .

[31]  Ramon F. Hanssen,et al.  INTEGRATION OF LEVELING AND INSAR DATA FOR LAND SUBSIDENCE MONITORING , 2003 .

[32]  H. Zebker,et al.  A new method for measuring deformation on volcanoes and other natural terrains using InSAR persistent scatterers , 2004 .

[33]  Antonio Pepe,et al.  On the generation of ERS/ENVISAT DInSAR time-series via the SBAS technique , 2005, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.