Direct-Contact Condensation

This paper reviews the four basic types of direct-contact condensation schemes, which have been called “drop type,” “jet and sheet type,” “film type,” and “bubble type” and classifies typical equipment that falls under the classifications. Next, it reviews the current state of our ability to analyze the processes and points out the uncertainties related to our knowledge of the basic mechanisms. In doing so, it points out the needed additional research that should be carried out in order to optimize the design of engineering equipment based upon the various condensation processes.

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