All-cause mortality and suicide mortality in autistic individuals: An entire population longitudinal study in Taiwan

LAY ABSTRACT Our study was the first population-based study in an Asian country to investigate the mortality rates among autistic individuals. Among the entire Taiwanese population (N = 29,253,529), between 2003 and 2017, 45,398 autistic individuals were identified and 1:4 age-/sex-matched to 181,592 non-autistic individuals. We found that autistic individuals had increased risks of all-cause mortality, natural-cause mortality, and suicide mortality compared with non-autistic individuals. Furthermore, autistic males were more likely to die by suicide, and autistic females were more likely to die of accident compared with the non-autistic individuals.

[1]  I. Ilic,et al.  Worldwide suicide mortality trends (2000-2019): A joinpoint regression analysis , 2022, World journal of psychiatry.

[2]  K. Munir,et al.  Population-Based Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis , 2022, Frontiers in Psychiatry.

[3]  C. Wilson,et al.  Suicidality in autistic youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2022, Clinical psychology review.

[4]  S. Baron-Cohen,et al.  Autism and autistic traits in those who died by suicide in England , 2022, The British Journal of Psychiatry.

[5]  So Hyun Kim,et al.  Sex Differences in Autism: Examining Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors in Children and Adolescents Enrolled in a National ASD Cohort , 2021, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.

[6]  Alexandra H. Bettis,et al.  Safety Planning for Suicidality in Autism: Obstacles, Potential Solutions, and Future Directions. , 2021, Pediatrics.

[7]  Patrick S. Powell,et al.  Health Status and Health Care Use Among Adolescents Identified With and Without Autism in Early Childhood — Four U.S. Sites, 2018–2020 , 2021, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[8]  A. Suominen,et al.  Risk for Premature Mortality and Intentional Self-harm in Autism Spectrum Disorders , 2020, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.

[9]  A. Carvalho,et al.  A meta‐review of “lifestyle psychiatry”: the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders , 2020, World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association.

[10]  T. Su,et al.  Association of parental depression with offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: A nationwide birth cohort study. , 2020, Journal of affective disorders.

[11]  N. Soares,et al.  Autism spectrum disorder: definition, epidemiology, causes, and clinical evaluation , 2020, Translational pediatrics.

[12]  A. Sultana,et al.  Prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders among people with autism spectrum disorder: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses , 2020, Psychiatry Research.

[13]  C. Lord,et al.  Autism spectrum disorder , 2020, Nature Reviews Disease Primers.

[14]  I. Kohane,et al.  Suicide Rates Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States, 2000-2017. , 2019, JAMA.

[15]  J. Rausch,et al.  Trends in Suicide Among Youth Aged 10 to 19 Years in the United States, 1975 to 2016 , 2019, JAMA network open.

[16]  J. Trollor,et al.  Mortality and cause of death of Australians on the autism spectrum , 2019, Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research.

[17]  S. Jensen,et al.  Mortality rate trends in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: a nationwide study with 20 years of follow-up , 2019, International Journal of Bipolar Disorders.

[18]  J. Greenberg,et al.  Mortality in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: Predictors over a 20-year period , 2019, Autism : the international journal of research and practice.

[19]  H. Coon,et al.  A 20‐year study of suicide death in a statewide autism population , 2019, Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research.

[20]  T. Su,et al.  Co-aggregation of major psychiatric disorders in individuals with first-degree relatives with schizophrenia: a nationwide population-based study , 2018, Molecular Psychiatry.

[21]  Y. Lunsky,et al.  Health Concerns and Health Service Utilization in a Population Cohort of Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder , 2017, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.

[22]  H. Eriksen,et al.  IQ and mental health are vital predictors of work drop out and early mortality. Multi-state analyses of Norwegian male conscripts , 2017, PloS one.

[23]  L. Somerville,et al.  Searching for Signatures of Brain Maturity: What Are We Searching For? , 2016, Neuron.

[24]  Cheng-Ta Li,et al.  Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study , 2016, Diabetes Care.

[25]  S. Bölte,et al.  Premature mortality in autism spectrum disorder , 2016, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[26]  M. Overgaard,et al.  Association of Psychiatric and Neurologic Comorbidity With Mortality Among Persons With Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Danish Population. , 2016, JAMA pediatrics.

[27]  J. K. Law,et al.  The Relationship Between the Medical Home and Unmet Needs for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders , 2014, Maternal and Child Health Journal.

[28]  H. Brønnum-Hansen,et al.  Mortality and causes of death in autism spectrum disorders , 2008, Autism : the international journal of research and practice.

[29]  C. Mackenzie,et al.  A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. , 1987, Journal of chronic diseases.