HUMAN KNOWLEDGE The Role of Models, Metaphors, and Analogy

Abstract The paper presents an operational description of the procedure by which simulation models arc constructed, verified, and then validated by systemic scientists so as to provide credible and substantiated mimicries of the pertinent attributes of complex, general systems. The operational procedure is shown to equate in a step-by-step fashion with the cybernetics of the well-established, more classical, scientific method, including its reliance on preciseness, logical rectitude, and predictive capability. Modelling is demonstrated as the essence of science, particularly in the context of the definition of science as a search for the explanation of naturally occurring phenomena. and especially so if the communication of the scientist's explanation is subjected to the controls of grammatical and logical verification and of subsequent validation testing by the scientific community. In a historical perspective, the primary classes of scientific models (physical, mathematical, and simular) are each viewed...

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