Undrained stability analysis of strip footings lying on circular voids with spatially random soil

Abstract Random adaptive finite element limit analysis (RAFELA) is introduced to investigate the stability of the footing-voids system with random soils. The emphasis of this study is, for the footing-void system, on quantifying the influence of spatial variability on its bearing capacity and the failure probability. Of particular interest is that random field theory is utilized to characterize the spatial variability of soil, and at the same time, failure probability is calculated by imposing Monte-Carlo simulations on independent cases. Strict close bearing capacity could be obtained within the scope embraced by upper bound (UB) results and lower bound (LB) results. By imposing the proposed modelling, comprehensive parametric studies were carried out, especially for the soil spatial correlation parameters and geometry parameters. The results indicated that the failure probability would increase with the farther distance between the void and the footing, the greater coefficient of variation (COV) and the smaller vertical correlation length. Detailed design tables were presented to assess potential failure probability under different conditions. Typical failure patterns are also summarized, revealing a positive correlation between the failure probability and the diffusion degree of failure curves.

[1]  Andrei V. Lyamin,et al.  Bearing capacity of a sand layer on clay by finite element limit analysis , 2003 .

[2]  Rui Zhang,et al.  Finite Element Limit Analysis of the Bearing Capacity of Strip Footing on a Rock Mass with Voids , 2018, International Journal of Geomechanics.

[3]  Giovanni Cascante,et al.  Large and small strain properties of sands subjected to local void increase , 2002 .

[4]  Abir Al-Tabbaa,et al.  MODEL TESTS OF FOOTINGS ABOVE SHALLOW CAVITIES , 1989 .

[5]  Scott W. Sloan,et al.  Lower bound limit analysis using non‐linear programming , 2002 .

[6]  Dian-Qing Li,et al.  Effect of spatial variability of shear strength parameters on critical slip surfaces of slopes , 2018 .

[7]  Gm Swift,et al.  Bearing capacity of rock over mined cavities in Nottingham , 2004 .

[8]  Yinghui Tian,et al.  Random finite element method for spudcan foundations in spatially variable soils , 2016 .

[9]  S. Keawsawasvong,et al.  Lower bound solutions for undrained face stability of plane strain tunnel headings in anisotropic and non-homogeneous clays , 2019, Computers and Geotechnics.

[10]  Li Min Zhang,et al.  Simplified slope reliability analysis considering spatial soil variability , 2017 .

[11]  Yinghui Tian,et al.  Probabilistic combined loading failure envelopes of a strip footing on spatially variable soil , 2013 .

[12]  Scott W. Sloan,et al.  Effect of spatial correlation length on the bearing capacity of an eccentrically loaded strip footing , 2016 .

[13]  Ki-Il Song,et al.  Effects of spatially variable weathered rock properties on tunnel behavior , 2011 .

[14]  Andrew J. Whittle,et al.  Bearing Capacity of Spatially Random Cohesive Soil Using Numerical Limit Analyses , 2011 .

[15]  Jinsong Huang,et al.  Undrained stability of a single circular tunnel in spatially variable soil subjected to surcharge loading , 2017 .

[16]  Dian-Qing Li,et al.  Efficient System Reliability Analysis of Slope Stability in Spatially Variable Soils Using Monte Carlo Simulation , 2015 .

[17]  D. V. Griffiths,et al.  Bearing Capacity of Rough Rigid Strip Footing on Cohesive Soil: Probabilistic Study , 2002 .

[18]  D. V. Griffiths,et al.  Bearing capacity of spatially random soil: the undrained clay Prandtl problem revisited , 2001 .

[19]  Junyoung Ko,et al.  Effect of load inclination on the undrained bearing capacity of surface spread footings above voids , 2015 .

[20]  Xiaomin Xu,et al.  Bearing capacity of strip footings on c–φ soils with square voids , 2018 .

[21]  Scott W. Sloan,et al.  A new discontinuous upper bound limit analysis formulation , 2005 .

[22]  Tom Schanz,et al.  Behavior of Shallow Strip Footing on Twin Voids , 2016, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering.

[23]  R. L. Baus,et al.  Bearing Capacity of Strip Footing above Void , 1983 .

[24]  Minghua Zhao,et al.  Stochastic analysis of dual tunnels in spatially random soil , 2021 .

[25]  Scott W. Sloan,et al.  Stability of plate anchors in undrained clay , 2001 .

[26]  Gordon A. Fenton,et al.  Probabilistic slope stability analysis by finite elements , 2004 .

[27]  M. C. Wang,et al.  Effect of Underground Void on Foundation Stability , 1985 .

[28]  Yinghui Tian,et al.  Failure Mechanism and Bearing Capacity of Footings Buried at Various Depths in Spatially Random Soil , 2015 .

[29]  Huai-Na Wu,et al.  Ground settlement induced by tunneling crossing interface of water-bearing mixed ground: A lesson from Changsha, China , 2020 .

[30]  S. Keawsawasvong,et al.  Undrained stability of a spherical cavity in cohesive soils using finite element limit analysis , 2019 .

[31]  Scott W. Sloan,et al.  Probabilistic stability assessment using adaptive limit analysis and random fields , 2017 .

[32]  D. V. Griffiths,et al.  Probabilistic stability analyses of undrained slopes with linearly increasing mean strength , 2017 .

[33]  Y. Cheng,et al.  Simplified framework for system reliability analysis of slopes in spatially variable soils , 2018 .

[34]  Scott W. Sloan,et al.  Upper bound limit analysis using linear finite elements and non‐linear programming , 2001 .

[35]  Xin Kang,et al.  Prediction of maximum surface settlement caused by earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunneling with ANN methods , 2019, Soils and Foundations.

[36]  Minghua Zhao,et al.  Ultimate bearing capacity of eccentrically loaded strip footings above voids in rock masses , 2020 .

[37]  D. V. Griffiths,et al.  Observations on Probabilistic Slope Stability Analysis , 2016 .

[38]  K. Phoon,et al.  Characterization of Geotechnical Variability , 1999 .

[39]  T. M. Tharp,et al.  Mechanics of upward propagation of cover-collapse sinkholes , 1999 .

[40]  Osamu Kusakabe,et al.  Model Tests and Analyses of Bearing Capacity of Strip Footing on Stiff Ground with Voids , 2011 .

[41]  Lisa Borgatti,et al.  The Boolean Stochastic Generation method - BoSG: A tool for the analysis of the error associated with the simplification of the stratigraphy in geotechnical models , 2016 .

[42]  R. Merifield,et al.  The ultimate pullout capacity of anchors in frictional soils , 2006 .

[43]  D. V. Griffiths,et al.  Influence of embedment, self-weight and anisotropy on bearing capacity reliability using the random finite element method , 2015 .

[44]  Junyoung Ko,et al.  Undrained stability of surface strip footings above voids , 2014 .

[45]  Zeyu Wang,et al.  Highly efficient Bayesian updating using metamodels: An adaptive Kriging-based approach , 2020 .

[46]  Daniel Dias,et al.  Validation of a New 2D Failure Mechanism for the Stability Analysis of a Pressurized Tunnel Face in a Spatially Varying Sand , 2011 .

[47]  Huai-Na Wu,et al.  Real-time analysis and regulation of EPB shield steering using Random Forest , 2019, Automation in Construction.

[48]  Osamu Kusakabe,et al.  Yielding Pressure of Spread Footing above Multiple Voids , 2007 .

[49]  D. V. Griffiths,et al.  Worst-case spatial correlation length in probabilistic slope stability analysis , 2019, Géotechnique.

[50]  Scott W. Sloan,et al.  Stability of a circular tunnel in cohesive-frictional soil subjected to surcharge loading , 2011 .

[51]  Zeyu Wang,et al.  REAK: Reliability analysis through Error rate-based Adaptive Kriging , 2019, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf..

[52]  M. Jao,et al.  STABILITY OF STRIP FOOTINGS ABOVE CONCRETE-LINED SOFT GROUND TUNNELS , 1998 .

[53]  Gordon A. Fenton,et al.  Probabilistic Foundation Settlement on Spatially Random Soil , 2002 .

[54]  Scott W. Sloan,et al.  Undrained Stability of an Unlined Square Tunnel in Spatially Random Soil , 2017 .

[55]  Shokrollah Zare,et al.  Face Stability Evaluation of a TBM-Driven Tunnel in Heterogeneous Soil Using a Probabilistic Approach , 2015 .

[56]  S. Keawsawasvong,et al.  Stability of unlined square tunnels in Hoek-Brown rock masses based on lower bound analysis , 2019, Computers and Geotechnics.

[57]  Scott W. Sloan,et al.  Undrained Stability of Footings on Slopes , 2011 .

[58]  Yao Xiao,et al.  Stability of dual square tunnels in rock masses subjected to surcharge loading , 2019, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology.

[59]  Tang Chong,et al.  Stability analysis of a pressurized tunnel face in a spatially varying sand using the statical approach of limit analysis , 2014 .

[60]  Zeyu Wang,et al.  Exploring Passive and Active Metamodeling-Based Reliability Analysis Methods for Soil Slopes: A New Approach to Active Training , 2020 .

[61]  Chiwan Wayne Hsieh,et al.  Collapse Load of Strip Footing Above Circular Void , 1987 .

[62]  Dian-Qing Li,et al.  Effect of spatially variable shear strength parameters with linearly increasing mean trend on reliability of infinite slopes , 2014 .

[63]  Yao Xiao,et al.  Effect of Eccentric Load on the Undrained Bearing Capacity of Strip Footings above Voids , 2020 .

[64]  Braja M. Das,et al.  Foundation on layered soil with geogrid reinforcement — effect of a void , 1994 .

[65]  D. V. Griffiths,et al.  Probabilistic Analysis of Shallow Passive Trapdoor in Cohesive Soil , 2019, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.

[66]  Abdollah Shafieezadeh,et al.  Probabilistic Sustainability Assessment of Bridges Subjected to Multi-Occurrence Hazards , 2019, International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructure 2019.