Hybrid TDOA/RSS Based Localization for Visible Light Systems

In a visible light positioning (VLP) system, a receiver can estimate its location based on signals transmitted by light emitting diodes (LEDs). In this manuscript, we investigate a quasi-synchronous VLP system, in which the LED transmitters are synchronous among themselves but are not synchronized with the receiver. In quasi-synchronous VLP systems, position estimation can be performed by utilizing time difference of arrival (TDOA) information together with channel attenuation information, leading to a hybrid localization system. To specify accuracy limits for quasi-synchronous VLP systems, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) on position estimation is derived in a generic three-dimensional scenario. Then, a direct positioning approach is adopted to obtain the maximum likelihood (ML) position estimator based directly on received signals from LED transmitters. In addition, a two-step position estimator is proposed, where TDOA and received signal strength (RSS) estimates are obtained in the first step and the position estimation is performed, based on the TDOA and RSS estimates, in the second step. The performance of the two-step positioning technique is shown to converge to that of direct positioning at high signal-to-noise ratios based on asymptotic properties of ML estimation. Finally, CRLBs and performance of the proposed positioning techniques are investigated through simulations.

[1]  Thomas Q. Wang,et al.  Position Accuracy of Time-of-Arrival Based Ranging Using Visible Light With Application in Indoor Localization Systems , 2013, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[2]  Murat Yuksel,et al.  AOA-based localization and tracking in multi-element VLC systems , 2015, 2015 IEEE 16th Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference (WAMICON).

[3]  Jochen Seitz,et al.  Indoor Positioning Using OFDM-Based Visible Light Communication System , 2018, 2018 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN).

[4]  R. Parthiban,et al.  Visible Light Communications localization using TDOA-based coherent heterodyne detection , 2013, 2013 IEEE 4th International Conference on Photonics (ICP).

[5]  Parth H. Pathak,et al.  Visible Light Communication, Networking, and Sensing: A Survey, Potential and Challenges , 2015, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[6]  Yusuf Said Erogluy,et al.  AOA-based localization and tracking in multi-element VLC systems , 2015, WAMICON 2015.

[7]  Jean-Paul M. G. Linnartz,et al.  An illumination perspective on visible light communications , 2014, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[8]  Chau Yuen,et al.  Single LED ceiling lamp based indoor positioning system , 2018, 2018 IEEE 4th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT).

[9]  Guobin Shen,et al.  Epsilon: A Visible Light Based Positioning System , 2014, NSDI.

[10]  Heidi Steendam,et al.  Magnitude of the Distance Estimation Bias in Received Signal Strength Visible Light Positioning , 2018, IEEE Communications Letters.

[11]  Chau Yuen,et al.  Performance Analysis of TDOA-based Indoor Positioning Systems using Visible LED Lights , 2018, 2018 IEEE 4th International Symposium on Wireless Systems within the International Conferences on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems (IDAACS-SWS).

[12]  S. Gezici,et al.  Comparative Theoretical Analysis of Distance Estimation in Visible Light Positioning Systems , 2016, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[13]  Fadhel M. Ghannouchi,et al.  Accurate wireless indoor position estimation by using hybrid TDOA/RSS algorithm , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES 2012).

[14]  Stefan Videv,et al.  VLC: Beyond point-to-point communication , 2014, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[15]  Sang-Kook Han,et al.  Three-Dimensional Visible Light Indoor Localization Using AOA and RSS With Multiple Optical Receivers , 2014, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[16]  Youngsuk Kim,et al.  VLC-TDOA Using Sinusoidal Pilot Signal , 2013, 2013 International Conference on IT Convergence and Security (ICITCS).

[17]  Bart Nauwelaers,et al.  A survey on multiple access Visible Light Positioning , 2016, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Innovative Business Practices for the Transformation of Societies (EmergiTech).

[18]  Thomas Q. Wang,et al.  Theoretical Lower Bound for Indoor Visible Light Positioning Using Received Signal Strength Measurements and an Aperture-Based Receiver , 2017, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[19]  Ming Liu,et al.  Let the Light Guide Us: VLC-Based Localization , 2016, IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine.

[20]  Ye Cai,et al.  Indoor High Precision Three-Dimensional Positioning System Based on Visible Light Communication Using Particle Swarm Optimization , 2017, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[21]  Adrian Neild,et al.  Visible light positioning: a roadmap for international standardization , 2013, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[22]  Jin-Yuan Wang,et al.  Three-dimensional indoor visible light positioning system with a single transmitter and a single tilted receiver , 2016 .

[23]  H. Vincent Poor,et al.  An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation , 1994, Springer Texts in Electrical Engineering.

[24]  Sinan Gezici,et al.  A Survey on Wireless Position Estimation , 2008, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[25]  Murat Yuksel,et al.  Hybrid 3-D Localization for Visible Light Communication Systems , 2015, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[26]  Konstantinos N. Plataniotis,et al.  Data fusion of power and time measurements for mobile terminal location , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[27]  Chang-Soo Park,et al.  TDOA-based optical wireless indoor localization using LED ceiling lamps , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics.

[28]  Sinan Gezici,et al.  Ultra-wideband Positioning Systems: Theoretical Limits, Ranging Algorithms, and Protocols , 2008 .

[29]  施安存,et al.  Theoretical Accuracy Analysis of Indoor Visible Light Communication Positioning System Based on Received Signal Strength Indicator , 2014 .

[30]  Sinan Gezici,et al.  Improved Lower Bounds for Ranging in Synchronous Visible Light Positioning Systems , 2016, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[31]  Pengfei Du,et al.  Demonstration of a Low-Complexity Indoor Visible Light Positioning System Using an Enhanced TDOA Scheme , 2018, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[32]  Rajendran Parthiban,et al.  LED Based Indoor Visible Light Communications: State of the Art , 2015, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[33]  Hisashi Kobayashi,et al.  Cramér-Rao Lower bound for geolocation in non-line-of-sight environment , 2002, 2002 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.

[34]  Myungsik Yoo,et al.  TDOA-based indoor positioning using visible light , 2014, Photonic Network Communications.

[35]  Thomas Q. Wang,et al.  Cramer-Rao bound for indoor visible light positioning using an aperture-based angular-diversity receiver , 2016, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[36]  Mohsen Kavehrad,et al.  Asynchronous indoor positioning system based on visible light communications , 2014 .

[37]  Sinan Gezici,et al.  Direct and Two-Step Positioning in Visible Light Systems , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[38]  Davide Dardari,et al.  Ziv-Zakai bound for time delay estimation of unknown deterministic signals , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP).

[39]  Junhai Luo,et al.  Indoor Positioning Systems Based on Visible Light Communication: State of the Art , 2017, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[40]  Chen Chen,et al.  Machine Learning Based High Accuracy Indoor Visible Light Location Algorithm , 2018, 2018 IEEE International Conference on Smart Internet of Things (SmartIoT).

[41]  Volker Jungnickel,et al.  High-speed visible light communication systems , 2013, IEEE Communications Magazine.