Potential of the electronic-nose for the diagnosis of bacterial and fungal diseases in fruit trees

Les instruments de nez electronique ont progresse rapidement au cours de la derniere decade, car le besoin de mesures tres sensibles, rapides et precises a considerablement stimule le developpement de ces capteurs en tant qu'outils de diagnostic. Etant donne que les reponses induites dans la plante par l'agent pathogene comprennent aussi des changements dans l'emission de composes volatiles, le nez electronique peut representer une alternative puissante et facile a utiliser pour le depistage rapide et fiable de materiel vegetal asymptomatique. Dans cette etude, le nez electronique EOS835 (Sacmi, Imola - Italie), base sur des semiconducteurs a metal-oxyde, a ete utilise. EOS835 a pu detecter des pommiers et poiriers asymptomatiques infectes experimentalement avec Erwinia amylovora (feu bacterien). Le nez electronique a aussi ete teste avec succes pour distinguer des pourritures a Botrytis et Sclerotinia sur des kiwis verts et jaunes. Meme si le nez electronique peut etre utilise avec succes en conditions experimentales pour le diagnostic precoce des maladies avant et apres la recolte, son application pratique en plein champ, dans des pepinieres et des stations d'emballage demande encore d'autres etudes.

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