Survey on localization methods for autonomous vehicles in smart cities

In the recent years, improvements in vehicular technology has been significant. Even after this improvement, right now it is only a fraction of what is being expected in the future. Vehicles in the future will be able to sense its environment and navigate the surroundings without any sort of human input. These vehicles are introduced as Connected and Autonomous Vehicles. These data can be used to develop different applications that can enhance the road safety, better manage the traffic flow and provide additional comfort services to the vehicle drivers. To do so, autonomous vehicles need to have accurate and real time localization estimation. Obviously, when talking about the vehicle position the Global positioning System (GPS) is the first possibility that comes to mind. However, the GPS system shows that it cannot keep the same evolution speed as the vehicles. This paper evaluates the state-of-the-art vehicle localization techniques and investigates their applicability on autonomous vehicles. Each of the localization techniques has cons and pros and cannot work alone.

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