3 – THEORY OF IMMUNOASSAYS

This chapter deals with the theory of immunoassays. The Scatchard model focuses on the individual binding sites of the binder and applies the law of mass action for each site s defining the association constant K and assuming that the affinity of each particular site for the ligand is not influenced by the extent of occupancy of the other sites. Study of the kinetics of an immunoassay system allows the derivation of equations that predict the concentrations of reactants and products at any time, even if the system has not reached equilibrium. The rate of the reaction between a ligand and a homogeneous population of identical binding sites corresponds to the difference between the rates of immunocomplex formation and dissociation. A typical two-site (sandwich) immunoassay consists of several steps. Model based on the mass-action law is theoretically sound and very useful in gaining insights into the behavior of the assay system.

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