Growth and optical homogeneity investigations of Fe and Fe:Mn codoped LiNbO3 crystals

Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystals doped with Fe and Fe:Mn were grown by Czochralski technique. The doping concentrations of Fe and Mn were optimized. Transmission studies reveal broad absorption band centered at 488 nm. The UV cutoff observed for Fe doped LiNbO3 is 358 nm whereas for Fe:Mn codoped LiNbO3 is 352 nm. This decrease in UV cutoff for Fe and Mn codoped LiNbO3 compared to only Fe doped LiNbO3 is due to the increase in Li/Nb ratio. Optical homogeneity was assessed using conoscopy and birefringence interferometry. Dark and photo conductivity measurements prove that LiNbO3 is a negative photo conducting material. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

[1]  V. Grachev,et al.  Interrelation of intrinsic and extrinsic defects – congruent, stoichiometric, and regularly ordered lithium niobate , 1999 .

[2]  E. Krätzig,et al.  Photorefractive and Photovoltaic Effects in Doped LiNbO 3 , 1977 .

[3]  S. Verma,et al.  Growth Optimization and Optical Characteristics of Fe Doped LiNbO3 Crystals , 2008 .

[4]  Taiju Tsuboi,et al.  Site symmetries of Cu2+ ions in LiNbO3 crystals , 2002 .

[5]  Alastair M. Glass,et al.  Multiphoton photorefractive processes for optical storage in LiNbO3 , 1974 .

[6]  P. Sen,et al.  Influence of MgO doping on spontaneous polarization and second-order susceptibility in LiNbO3 crystals , 2006 .

[7]  Karsten Buse,et al.  Infrared holographic recording in LiNbO3:Cu , 1994 .

[8]  Demetri Psaltis,et al.  Localized holographic recording in doubly doped lithium niobate. , 2000 .

[9]  I. Kityk,et al.  Influence of Non-Stoichiometric Defects on Optical Properties in LiNbO3 , 2001 .

[10]  F. Micheron,et al.  Electrical Control of Fixation and Erasure of Holographic Patterns in Ferroelectric Materials , 1972 .

[11]  Jacob O. Barnes,et al.  Optical absorption spectroscopy of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in LiNbO3 , 2002 .

[12]  Rui Wang,et al.  Investigation on photorefractive properties of In:Mn:Fe:LiNbO3 , 2003 .

[13]  Marvin B. Klein,et al.  Optimal Properties Of Photorefractive Materials For Optical Data Processing , 1983, Photonics West - Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering.

[14]  Michel Aillerie,et al.  Band structure treatment of the influence of nonstoichiometric defects on optical properties in LiNbO3 , 2001 .

[15]  Tao Zhang,et al.  Optical damage resistance of In:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals related to the defect structure , 2004 .

[16]  D. Psaltis,et al.  Non-volatile holographic storage in doubly doped lithium niobate crystals , 1998, Nature.

[17]  K. S. Bartwal,et al.  Growth of nearly perfect LiNbO3 single crystals , 1993 .

[18]  Vittorio M. N. Passaro,et al.  Holographic gratings in photorefractive materials: A review , 2007 .

[19]  J. J. Amodei,et al.  HOLOGRAPHIC PATTERN FIXING IN ELECTRO‐OPTIC CRYSTALS , 1971 .