Phytoplankton and Their Relationship to Nutrients

The phytoplankton that commonly occur in Lake Mendota are the central focus of the food web research detailed in this volume (Figure 7.1). The role of nutrients, particularly phosphorus, in regulating algal biomass and stimulating blooms is well established (Vollenweider 1968; Schindler 1977, 1988). Herbivory by zooplankton has also been long recognized as an important influence on phytoplankton abundance and species composition (Hrbacek 1962; Brooks and Dodson 1965; Shapiro et al. 1975; Shapiro and Wright 1984; Carpenter and Kitchell 1988). While phosphorus reductions cause declines in blue-green algal densities (Schindler 1988), the effects of herbivory are more variable and complicated (Sterner 1989; Carpenter, Ch. 23). For example, increased herbivory has been both stimulated (Lynch 1980; Anderson and Cronberg 1984) and suppressed (Shapiro and Wright 1984; Carpenter et al. 1987; Vanni et al. 1990) blue-green algae.

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