Structure-Function Analysis of the Presumptive Arabidopsis Auxin Permease AUX 1

Ranjan Swarup,a1 Joanna Kargul,a12 Alan Marchant,a3 Daniel Zadik,a Abidur Rahman,b4 Rebecca Mills,c Anthony Yemm,ad Sean May,a Lorraine Williams,c Paul Millner,e Seiji Tsurumi,b Ian Moore,f Richard Napier,d Ian D. Kerr,g and Malcolm J. Bennetta5 a School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom bCentre for Support to Research and Education Activities Isotope Division, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan c School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom dWarwick-HRI, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, United Kingdom e School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom f Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom gSchool of Biomedical Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom

[1]  U. Sankawa,et al.  Interaction of digitonin and its analogs with membrane cholesterol. , 1984, Journal of biochemistry.

[2]  P. Strålfors,et al.  Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake Involves the Transition of Glucose Transporters to a Caveolae-Rich Fraction within the Plasma Membrane: Implications for Type II Diabetes , 1996, Molecular medicine.

[3]  A. Müller,et al.  Regulation of polar auxin transport by AtPIN1 in Arabidopsis vascular tissue. , 1998, Science.

[4]  L. Gälweiler,et al.  PIN-pointing the molecular basis of auxin transport. , 1999, Current opinion in plant biology.

[5]  Alan Marchant,et al.  AUX1 regulates root gravitropism in Arabidopsis by facilitating auxin uptake within root apical tissues , 1999, The EMBO journal.

[6]  O. Leyser.  Molecular genetics of auxin signaling. , 2002, Annual review of plant biology.

[7]  N. Goto,et al.  Chromosaponin I specifically interacts with AUX1 protein in regulating the gravitropic response of Arabidopsis roots. , 2001, Plant physiology.

[8]  L. Feldman,et al.  Expression of pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein in Arabidopsis thaliana. , 2001, Plant, cell & environment.

[9]  G. Sandberg,et al.  AUX1 Promotes Lateral Root Formation by Facilitating Indole-3-Acetic Acid Distribution between Sink and Source Tissues in the Arabidopsis Seedling , 2002, The Plant Cell Online.

[10]  M. L. Mayer,et al.  An improved assay of inorganic phosphate in the presence of extralabile phosphate compounds: application to the ATPase assay in the presence of phosphocreatine. , 1975, Analytical biochemistry.

[11]  N. Grigorieff,et al.  Conformational changes in the C terminus of Shaker K+ channel bound to the rat Kvβ2-subunit , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[12]  R Swarup,et al.  Localization of the auxin permease AUX1 suggests two functionally distinct hormone transport pathways operate in the Arabidopsis root apex. , 2001, Genes & development.

[13]  J. Guern,et al.  Comparison of mechanisms controlling uptake and accumulation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, naphthalene-1-acetic acid, and indole-3-acetic acid in suspension-cultured tobacco cells , 1996, Planta.

[14]  Alan Marchant,et al.  The Arabidopsis AUX1 gene: a model system to study mRNA processing in plants , 1998, Plant Molecular Biology.

[15]  J. Ecker,et al.  Genetic analysis of ethylene signal transduction in Arabidopsis thaliana: five novel mutant loci integrated into a stress response pathway. , 1995, Genetics.

[16]  K. Lindsey,et al.  Importance of plant sterols in pattern formation and hormone signalling. , 2003, Trends in plant science.

[17]  J. Friml,et al.  Cell Polarity and PIN Protein Positioning in Arabidopsis Require STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1 Function Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.008433. , 2003, The Plant Cell Online.

[18]  M. Yamamoto,et al.  Differential effects of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the gravitropic response of roots in an auxin-resistant mutant of arabidopsis, aux1. , 1998, Plant & cell physiology.

[19]  N. Raikhel,et al.  Interactions between syntaxins identify at least five SNARE complexes within the Golgi/prevacuolar system of the Arabidopsis cell. , 2001, Molecular biology of the cell.

[20]  P. A. Rea,et al.  Common identity of substrate binding subunit of vacuolar h-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase of higher plant cells. , 1992, Plant physiology.

[21]  D. Bush,et al.  Topology of NAT2, a Prototypical Example of a New Family of Amino Acid Transporters* , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[22]  M. Uemura,et al.  Cold Acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana (Effect on Plasma Membrane Lipid Composition and Freeze-Induced Lesions) , 1995, Plant physiology.

[23]  S. Robbins,et al.  Lipid rafts and little caves. Compartmentalized signalling in membrane microdomains. , 2002, European journal of biochemistry.

[24]  E. P. Maher,et al.  Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered responses to auxins and gravity , 1980, Biochemical Genetics.

[25]  D. Baker.  Vascular transport of auxins and cytokinins in Ricinus , 2000, Plant Growth Regulation.

[26]  G. Muday,et al.  Inhibition of auxin movement from the shoot into the root inhibits lateral root development in Arabidopsis. , 1998, Plant physiology.

[27]  M. Goldsmith,et al.  The Polar Transport of Auxin , 1977 .

[28]  Klaus Palme,et al.  AtPIN2 defines a locus of Arabidopsis for root gravitropism control , 1998, The EMBO journal.

[29]  A. ortiz-lopez,et al.  Amino acid transporters in plants. , 2000, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[30]  R Swarup,et al.  Novel auxin transport inhibitors phenocopy the auxin influx carrier mutation aux1. , 2001, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[31]  G. Sega.  A review of the genetic effects of ethyl methanesulfonate. , 1984, Mutation research.

[32]  T. Chiou,et al.  Molecular Cloning, Immunochemical Localization to the Vacuole, and Expression in Transgenic Yeast and Tobacco of a Putative Sugar Transporter from Sugar Beet , 1996, Plant physiology.

[33]  D. W. Smith,et al.  The amino acid/auxin:proton symport permease family. , 1999, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[34]  K. Feldmann,et al.  Arabidopsis AUX1 Gene: A Permease-Like Regulator of Root Gravitropism , 1996, Science.

[35]  D. Inzé,et al.  Auxin Transport Promotes Arabidopsis Lateral Root Initiation , 2001, Plant Cell.

[36]  A Miyawaki,et al.  Measurement of cytosolic, mitochondrial, and Golgi pH in single living cells with green fluorescent proteins. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[37]  N. Graham,et al.  Quick on the Uptake: Characterization of a Family of Plant Auxin Influx Carriers , 2001, Journal of Plant Growth Regulation.

[38]  G. Jürgens,et al.  Local, Efflux-Dependent Auxin Gradients as a Common Module for Plant Organ Formation , 2003, Cell.

[39]  C. Deber,et al.  Val-->Ala mutations selectively alter helix-helix packing in the transmembrane segment of phage M13 coat protein. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[40]  S. Goff,et al.  Large-Scale Structure –Function Analysis of the Arabidopsis RPM1 Disease Resistance Protein Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.010393. , 2002, The Plant Cell Online.

[41]  W. Frommer,et al.  ARAMEMNON, a Novel Database for Arabidopsis Integral Membrane Proteins1 , 2003, Plant Physiology.

[42]  A. Goffeau,et al.  Single point mutations in various domains of a plant plasma membrane H(+)‐ATPase expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae increase H(+)‐pumping and permit yeast growth at low pH. , 1996, The EMBO journal.

[43]  K. Palme,et al.  Photoaffinity labeling of Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane vesicles by 5-azido-[7-3H]indole-3-acetic acid: identification of a glutathione S-transferase. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[44]  A. Nakano,et al.  Supplemental Data Arabidopsis Sterol Endocytosis Involves Actin-Mediated Trafficking via ARA 6-Positive Early Endosomes , 2003 .

[45]  M. J. Terry,et al.  Fractionation of plant tissue for biochemical analyses , 2002 .

[46]  G. Muday,et al.  Transport of the Two Natural Auxins, Indole-3-Butyric Acid and Indole-3-Acetic Acid, in Arabidopsis1 , 2003, Plant Physiology.

[47]  M. Evans,et al.  Gravity-regulated differential auxin transport from columella to lateral root cap cells , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[48]  G. Fink,et al.  EIR1, a root-specific protein involved in auxin transport, is required for gravitropism in Arabidopsis thaliana. , 1998, Genes & development.

[49]  C. Larsson,et al.  Preparation and polypeptide composition of chlorophyll‐free plasma membranes from leaves of light‐grown spinach and barley , 1984 .

[50]  N. Sauer,et al.  Functional reconstitution of the solubilized Arabidopsis thaliana STP1 monosaccharide-H+ symporter in lipid vesicles and purification of the histidine tagged protein from transgenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1994, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[51]  R. Grantham.  Amino Acid Difference Formula to Help Explain Protein Evolution , 1974, Science.

[52]  Chris Somerville,et al.  Auxin-resistant mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with an altered morphology , 1987, Molecular and General Genetics MGG.

[53]  K. Mengel,et al.  Effects of NH4+, NO3− and HCO3− on apoplast pH in the outer cortex of root zones of maize, as measured by the fluorescence ratio of fluorescein boronic acid , 1999, Planta.

[54]  K. Ljung,et al.  Sites and homeostatic control of auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis during vegetative growth. , 2002, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[55]  G. Muday,et al.  Basipetal auxin transport is required for gravitropism in roots of Arabidopsis. , 2000, Plant physiology.

[56]  M. Bennett,et al.  Regulation of phyllotaxis by polar auxin transport , 2003, Nature.

[57]  Michael Sauer,et al.  Efflux-dependent auxin gradients establish the apical–basal axis of Arabidopsis , 2003, Nature.

[58]  K. Okada,et al.  Reversible Root Tip Rotation in Arabidopsis Seedlings Induced by Obstacle-Touching Stimulus , 1990, Science.

[59]  W. Jongen,et al.  Molecular basis of glycoalkaloid induced membrane disruption. , 1995, Biochimica et biophysica acta.