Resource Allocation in Heterogeneous Network With Visible Light Communication and D2D: A Hierarchical Game Approach

Utilizing the illuminating light-emitting diode (LED) for signal transmission, the visible light communication (VLC) offloads the congested traffic in licensed spectrum while providing users with high quality of service. However, in shaded areas, the performance of VLC is affected. In this paper, we apply Device-to-Device (D2D) technology on the VLC network, where some mobile users are able to relay the data transmission to nearby end mobile users. Considering the autonomous behaviors of mobile users as relays (RUs), cellular service provider (CSP) and VLC service provider (VLCSP), we propose a hierarchical game framework and analyze the distributive strategies for each individual. In the game, the data packet size, the price of licensed spectrum and data rates in possible data transmission routes are sequentially determined with equilibrium solutions, and each VLC transmitter (VLCT) determines the optimal data transmission route with stable matching. Simulations depict the high performance when combining VLC and D2D with the proposed strategies.

[1]  Harald Haas,et al.  Analysis of Optimal Placement of LED Arrays for Visible Light Communication , 2013, 2013 IEEE 77th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring).

[2]  Ekram Hossain,et al.  Coverage and Rate Analysis for Co-Existing RF/VLC Downlink Cellular Networks , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[3]  Wei Xu,et al.  Rate Maximization for Downlink Multiuser Visible Light Communications , 2016, IEEE Access.

[4]  Zhu Han,et al.  Fog computing in multi-tier data center networks: A hierarchical game approach , 2016, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[5]  Ryan Meyer,et al.  Visible Light Communication , 2017 .

[6]  Jian Song,et al.  An Indoor Broadband Broadcasting System Based on PLC and VLC , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting.

[7]  Sang-Kook Han,et al.  Modulation bandwidth enhancement of white-LED-based visible light communications using electrical equalizations , 2015, Photonics West - Optoelectronic Materials and Devices.

[8]  R. Parthiban,et al.  Improving Lighting Quality and Capacity of OFDM-Based WDM-VLC Systems , 2016, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[9]  Michael L. Littman,et al.  Graphical Models for Game Theory , 2001, UAI.

[10]  Gregory Sternberg,et al.  System capacity and coverage of a cellular network with D2D mobile relays , 2012, MILCOM 2012 - 2012 IEEE Military Communications Conference.

[11]  Zhu Han,et al.  Game Theory in Wireless and Communication Networks , 2008 .

[12]  Narayan B. Mandayam,et al.  When Users Interfere with Protocols: Prospect Theory in Wireless Networks using Random Access and Data Pricing as an Example , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[13]  Zhu Han,et al.  A Hierarchical Game Framework for Resource Management in Fog Computing , 2017, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[14]  Yanjiao Chen,et al.  Utility-Aware Refunding Framework for Hybrid Access Femtocell Network , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[15]  Yang Yang,et al.  A Novel Hybrid Dimming Control Scheme for Visible Light Communications , 2017, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[16]  Grahame Faulkner,et al.  Indoor visible light communications: challenges and prospects , 2008, Optical Engineering + Applications.

[17]  Zhu Han,et al.  A Hierarchical Game Approach for Visible Light Communication and D2D Heterogeneous Network , 2016, 2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM).

[18]  Hongming Yang,et al.  Full-duplex relay VLC in LED lighting triangular system topology , 2014, 2014 6th International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing (ISCCSP).

[19]  Harald Haas,et al.  Hybrid RF and VLC Systems: Improving User Data Rate Performance of VLC Systems , 2015, 2015 IEEE 81st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring).

[20]  Hu Weiwei.  Visible Light Communication , 2013 .

[21]  Stefan Schmid,et al.  LED-to-LED visible light communication networks , 2013, MobiHoc '13.

[22]  Ming Chen,et al.  PSO-based LED deployment optimization for visible light communications , 2013, 2013 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing.

[23]  Stanislav Zvanovec,et al.  Combination of visible light and radio frequency bands for device-to-device communication , 2017, 2017 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC).

[24]  Junjie Yan,et al.  Trust-Oriented Partner Selection in D2D Cooperative Communications , 2017, IEEE Access.

[25]  Yuefeng Ji,et al.  Game theory-based mode cooperative selection mechanism for device-to-device visible light communication , 2016 .

[26]  Robert Gibbons,et al.  A primer in game theory , 1992 .

[27]  Zdenek Becvar,et al.  In-Band Device-to-Device Communication in OFDMA Cellular Networks: A Survey and Challenges , 2015, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[28]  L. S. Shapley,et al.  College Admissions and the Stability of Marriage , 2013, Am. Math. Mon..

[29]  Theodoros A. Tsiftsis,et al.  Coverage Aspects of Indoor VLC Networks , 2015, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[30]  Hang Li,et al.  Achievable Rate With Closed-Form for SISO Channel and Broadcast Channel in Visible Light Communication Networks , 2017, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[31]  Masao Nakagawa,et al.  Integrated system of white LED visible-light communication and power-line communication , 2003, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron..

[32]  Changyuan Yu,et al.  Performance of a novel LED lamp arrangement to reduce SNR fluctuation for multi-user visible light communication systems. , 2012, Optics express.

[33]  Jiaheng Wang,et al.  Visible light communications in heterogeneous networks: Paving the way for user-centric design , 2015, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[34]  Corinne Touati,et al.  Multihop Relaying in Millimeter Wave Networks: A Proportionally Fair Cooperative Network Formation Game , 2015, 2015 IEEE 82nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2015-Fall).

[35]  Refik Caglar Kizilirmak,et al.  Cooperative Visible Light Communications With Full-Duplex Relaying , 2017, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[36]  Yeon-Ho Chung,et al.  Optical Repeater Assisted Visible Light Device-to-Device Communications , 2016 .

[37]  Yong Liang Guan,et al.  High-Order Intensity Modulations for OSTBC in Free-Space Optical MIMO Communications , 2013, IEEE Wireless Communications Letters.

[38]  Zhu Han,et al.  Game Theory in Wireless and Communication Networks: Theory, Models, and Applications , 2011 .

[39]  L. B. Wilson,et al.  The stable marriage problem , 1971, Commun. ACM.

[40]  Zhu Han,et al.  Wireless Device-to-Device Communications and Networks , 2015 .

[41]  Zhu Han,et al.  A Hierarchical Game Approach for Multi-Operator Spectrum Sharing in LTE Unlicensed , 2014, 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM).

[42]  Athanasios V. Vasilakos,et al.  User-Priority-Based Power Control Over the D2D Assisted Internet of Vehicles for Mobile Health , 2017, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[43]  Parth H. Pathak,et al.  Visible Light Communication, Networking, and Sensing: A Survey, Potential and Challenges , 2015, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[44]  Hüseyin Arslan,et al.  A survey of spectrum sensing algorithms for cognitive radio applications , 2009, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.