Emotional Dimensions of User Experience: A User Psychological Analysis

User psychology is a human–technology interaction research approach that uses psychological concepts, theories, and findings to structure problems of human–technology interaction. As the notion of user experience has become central in human–technology interaction research and in product development, it is necessary to investigate the user psychology of user experience. This analysis of emotional human–technology interaction is based on the psychological theory of basic emotions. Three studies, two laboratory experiments, and one field study are used to investigate the basic emotions and the emotional mind involved in user experience. The first and second experiments study the measurement of subjective emotional experiences during novel human–technology interaction scenarios in a laboratory setting. The third study explores these aspects in a real-world environment. As a result of these experiments, a bipolar competence–frustration model is proposed, which can be used to understand the emotional aspects of user experience.

[1]  J. Russell.  Culture and the categorization of emotions. , 1991, Psychological bulletin.

[2]  David R. Millen,et al.  Rapid ethnography: time deepening strategies for HCI field research , 2000, DIS '00.

[3]  Sarah Fowler-Dixon,et al.  The Ethics , 2020, A Spinoza Reader.

[4]  M. Posner.  Human information processing: An introduction to psychology. 2nd ed. , 1977 .

[5]  Sebastiano Bagnara,et al.  Designers and Users: Two Perspectives on Emotion and Design , 2006 .

[6]  Pertti Saariluoma,et al.  Explanatory frameworks for interaction design , 2005 .

[7]  W. Teepe,et al.  Protocol Analysis , 2012 .

[8]  J. Dixon,et al.  Engineering Design , 2019, Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering.

[9]  Matthias Rauterberg,et al.  Emotions: The Voice of the Unconscious , 2010, ICEC.

[10]  J. Russell.  A circumplex model of affect. , 1980 .

[11]  Ira J. Roseman.  A model of appraisal in the emotion system: Integrating theory, research, and applications. , 2001 .

[12]  Raja Parasuraman,et al.  Neuroergonomics: The Brain at Work , 2006 .

[13]  P. Ekman.  Facial expression and emotion. , 1993, The American psychologist.

[14]  Pertti Saariluoma,et al.  STUMBLING BLOCKS IN NOVICE BUILDING DESIGN , 2003 .

[15]  Mike Kuniavsky,et al.  Observing the User Experience , 2003 .

[16]  N. McGlynn.  Thinking fast and slow. , 2014, Australian veterinary journal.

[17]  K. Petrides.  Introduction to Psychometric Theory , 2011 .

[18]  Peta Wyeth,et al.  GameFlow: a model for evaluating player enjoyment in games , 2005, CIE.

[19]  J. Marozeau,et al.  Multidimensional scaling of emotional responses to music: The effect of musical expertise and of the duration of the excerpts , 2005 .

[20]  Mitsuo Nagamachi,et al.  Kansei engineering as a powerful consumer-oriented technology for product development. , 2002, Applied ergonomics.

[21]  Michael Scriven,et al.  Explanations, predictions, and laws , 1962 .

[22]  K. Biolsi,et al.  Techniques for representing expert knowledge. , 1991 .

[23]  P. Shaver,et al.  Emotion knowledge: further exploration of a prototype approach. , 1987, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[24]  J. C. Johnston,et al.  Attention and performance. , 2001, Annual review of psychology.

[25]  W. H. F. Barnes.  The Nature of Explanation , 1944, Nature.

[26]  Sigmund Freud,et al.  Vorlesungen zur Einführung in die Psychoanalyse , 1916 .

[27]  A. Ortony,et al.  What's basic about basic emotions? , 1990, Psychological review.

[28]  R. Lazarus,et al.  Passion and reason : making sense of our emotions , 1994 .

[29]  Halimahtun M. Khalid,et al.  Guest editorial: Conceptualizing affective human factors design , 2004 .

[30]  Rosalind W. Picard.  Affective computing: (526112012-054) , 1997 .

[31]  Marc Hassenzahl,et al.  User experience (UX): towards an experiential perspective on product quality , 2008, IHM '08.

[32]  Allen Newell,et al.  The psychology of human-computer interaction , 1983 .

[33]  C. Hempel,et al.  Studies in the Logic of Explanation , 1948, Philosophy of Science.

[34]  T. Dalgleish.  Basic Emotions , 2004 .

[35]  J. Stainer,et al.  The Emotions , 1922, Nature.

[36]  Hubert M. Blalock,et al.  Causal Inferences, Closed Populations, and Measures of Association , 1967, American Political Science Review.

[37]  A. Bandura.  Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency , 2024, Psihologìâ ì suspìlʹstvo.

[38]  Andrew Ortony,et al.  Affect and Proto-Affect in Effective Functioning , 2005, Who Needs Emotions?.

[39]  Percy Williams Bridgman,et al.  The Logic of Modern Physics , 1927 .

[40]  J. Russell,et al.  A 12-Point Circumplex Structure of Core Affect. , 2011, Emotion.

[41]  Michael Burmester,et al.  AttrakDiff: Ein Fragebogen zur Messung wahrgenommener hedonischer und pragmatischer Qualität , 2003, MuC.

[42]  Céline McKeown,et al.  Neuroergonomics: a cognitive neuroscience approach to human factors and ergonomics , 2014 .

[43]  Deborah Compeau,et al.  Experience effects on the accuracy of self-assessed user competence , 2006, Inf. Manag..

[44]  Changchun Liu,et al.  Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment in Computer Games Through Real-Time Anxiety-Based Affective Feedback , 2009, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact..

[45]  Virpi Roto,et al.  User experience evaluation methods: current state and development needs , 2010, NordiCHI.

[46]  Salvador Mondragón,et al.  Semantic Differential applied to the evaluation of machine tool design , 2005 .

[47]  Mike Kuniavsky,et al.  Observing the User Experience: A Practitioner's Guide to User Research (Morgan Kaufmann Series in Interactive Technologies) (The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Interactive Technologies) , 2003 .

[48]  K. Scherer,et al.  Appraisal processes in emotion. , 2003 .

[49]  Allen Newell,et al.  Human Problem Solving. , 1973 .

[50]  C. Osgood.  The nature and measurement of meaning. , 1952, Psychological bulletin.

[51]  A. Beck.  Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders: A. T. Beck , 1987, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[52]  Johnny Fontaine,et al.  Cognitive structure of emotion terms in Indonesia and The Netherlands , 2002 .

[53]  Thomas P. Moran,et al.  Guest Editor's Introduction: An Applied Psychology of the User , 1981, CSUR.

[54]  Karl T. Ulrich,et al.  Product Design and Development , 1995 .

[55]  Regan L. Mandryk,et al.  Using psychophysiological techniques to measure user experience with entertainment technologies , 2006, Behav. Inf. Technol..

[56]  H. Jeffreys.  The Logic of Modern Physics , 1928, Nature.

[57]  A. Bandura.  Perceived Self-Efficacy in Cognitive Development and Functioning , 1993, Educational Psychologist.

[58]  P. Saariluoma.  Apperception, content-based psychology and design , 2003 .

[59]  Wilfrid S. Sellars.  Science, perception, and reality , 1963 .

[60]  D. Norman.  Emotional design : why we love (or hate) everyday things , 2004 .

[61]  E. Vesterinen,et al.  Affective Computing , 2009, Encyclopedia of Biometrics.

[62]  Halimahtun M. Khalid,et al.  Affective and Pleasurable Design , 2006 .

[63]  M. S. Mayzner,et al.  Cognition And Reality , 1976 .

[64]  Sean A. Spence,et al.  Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain , 1995 .

[65]  O. E. Dial,et al.  The social impact of computers , 1970, AFIPS '70 (Spring).

[66]  Albert Bandura,et al.  Exercise of personal and collective efficacy in changing societies , 1995 .

[67]  B. Jaffe.  Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders , 1977 .

[68]  Antti Oulasvirta,et al.  User Psychology: Re-assessing the Boundaries of a Discipline , 2010 .

[69]  Karl Landauer,et al.  Vorlesungen zur Einführung in die Psychoanalyse , 1933 .

[70]  P. Desmet.  Faces of Product Pleasure: 25 Positive Emotions in Human-Product Interactions , 2012 .

[71]  K. Scherer.  What are emotions? And how can they be measured? , 2005 .

[72]  Tim Dalgleish,et al.  Cognition and Emotion : From Order to Disorder , 2015 .

[73]  Mitsuo Nagamachi,et al.  Kansei/Affective Engineering and History of Kansei/Affective Engineering in the World , 2016 .

[74]  J. G. Hollands,et al.  Engineering Psychology and Human Performance , 1984 .

[75]  Kimberly A. Jameson,et al.  Varieties of Anger: The Relation Between Emotion Terms and Components of Anger Expressions , 2002 .

[76]  Michael C. Hout,et al.  Multidimensional Scaling , 2003, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology.

[77]  P. H. Lindsay,et al.  Human Information Processing: An Introduction to Psychology , 1972 .

[78]  Marc Hassenzahl,et al.  Funology: designing enjoyment , 2002, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[79]  Robert W. Proctor,et al.  Neuroergonomics : A cognitive neuroscience approach to human factors and ergonomics , 2013 .

[80]  K. A. Ericsson,et al.  Toward a general theory of expertise : prospects and limits , 1991 .

[81]  Antti Oulasvirta,et al.  User Psychology : Reassessing the Boundaries of a Discipline , 2011 .

[82]  Martin Schrepp,et al.  Construction and Evaluation of a User Experience Questionnaire , 2008, USAB.

[83]  Dianne C. Berry,et al.  Implicit Learning , 1993 .

[84]  I. Sigel,et al.  HANDBOOK OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY , 2006 .

[85]  Markku Turunen,et al.  Designing Gesture-Based Control for Factory Automation , 2013, INTERACT.