A Survey of BGP Session Maintenance Issues and Solutions

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the routing protocol that glues together the global Internet. BGP makes use of a managed session to maintain a bidirectional error-free session over which reachability information is exchanged between Autonomous Systems (ASes) in the global Internet. Nevertheless, despite its great importance to BGP, this managed session suffers from some weaknesses such as a slow failure mechanism, which may represent a great deal of lost data, and some security problems. This paper surveys both research and standardization efforts relating to BGP session maintenance.

[1]  Hari Balakrishnan,et al.  Fine-Grained Failover Using Connection Migration , 2001, USITS.

[2]  Charles Lynn,et al.  Secure Border Gateway Protocol (Secure-BGP) , 2000 .

[3]  Yih-Chun Hu,et al.  SPV: secure path vector routing for securing BGP , 2004, SIGCOMM.

[4]  Hugo Krawczyk,et al.  A Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol , 1999, IBM Syst. J..

[5]  Daniel Massey,et al.  BGP-RCN: improving BGP convergence through root cause notification , 2005, Comput. Networks.

[6]  Ratul Mahajan,et al.  Understanding BGP misconfiguration , 2002, SIGCOMM 2002.

[7]  Timothy G. Griffin,et al.  An experimental analysis of BGP convergence time , 2001, Proceedings Ninth International Conference on Network Protocols. ICNP 2001.

[8]  Alex C. Snoeren,et al.  Decoupling policy from mechanism in Internet routing , 2004, Comput. Commun. Rev..

[9]  Jennifer Rexford,et al.  Inherently safe backup routing with BGP , 2001, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2001. Conference on Computer Communications. Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Society (Cat. No.01CH37213).

[10]  David Meyer,et al.  The Generalized TTL Security Mechanism (GTSM) , 2004, RFC.

[11]  Olivier Bonaventure,et al.  Achieving Sub-50 Milliseconds Recovery Upon BGP Peering Link Failures , 2007, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[12]  Olivier Bonaventure,et al.  Open issues in interdomain routing: a survey , 2005, IEEE Network.

[13]  Ana R. Cavalli,et al.  MSP: A Novel Session Maintenance Protocol , 2006, 2006 14th IEEE International Conference on Networks.

[14]  Ronald L. Rivest,et al.  The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm , 1992, RFC.

[15]  Enke Chen,et al.  Graceful Restart Mechanism for BGP , 2007, RFC.

[16]  Jaideep Chandrashekar,et al.  Limiting path exploration in BGP , 2005, Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies..

[17]  Farnam Jahanian,et al.  Experimental study of Internet stability and backbone failures , 1999, Digest of Papers. Twenty-Ninth Annual International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing (Cat. No.99CB36352).

[18]  J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves,et al.  Securing the border gateway routing protocol , 1996, Proceedings of GLOBECOM'96. 1996 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.

[19]  Jia Wang,et al.  Finding a needle in a haystack: pinpointing significant BGP routing changes in an IP network , 2005, NSDI.

[20]  Gordon T. Wilfong,et al.  A safe path vector protocol , 2000, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No.00CH37064).

[21]  Naganand Doraswamy,et al.  IP Security Document Roadmap , 1998, RFC.

[22]  Yehuda Afek,et al.  Improved BGP convergence via ghost flushing , 2003, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[23]  Xiaowei Yang,et al.  NIRA: a new Internet routing architecture , 2003, FDNA '03.

[24]  Sean W. Smith,et al.  The performance impact of BGP security , 2005, IEEE Network.

[25]  Chin-Tser Huang,et al.  Hop integrity in computer networks , 2000, Proceedings 2000 International Conference on Network Protocols.

[26]  Aman Shaikh,et al.  Routing stability in congested networks: experimentation and analysis , 2000 .

[27]  Dan Pei,et al.  Understanding BGP Session Failures in a Large ISP , 2007, IEEE INFOCOM 2007 - 26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications.

[28]  Nick Feamster,et al.  The case for separating routing from routers , 2004, FDNA '04.

[29]  Ramesh Govindan,et al.  Route flap damping exacerbates internet routing convergence , 2002, SIGCOMM 2002.

[30]  Sandra L. Murphy,et al.  BGP Security Vulnerabilities Analysis , 2006, RFC.

[31]  Lorenzo Alvisi,et al.  Engineering fault-tolerant TCP/IP servers using FT-TCP , 2003, 2003 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, 2003. Proceedings..

[32]  Daniel Massey,et al.  FRTR: a scalable mechanism for global routing table consistency , 2004, International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, 2004.

[33]  Randall J. Atkinson,et al.  IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) , 1995, RFC.

[34]  Klara Nahrstedt,et al.  Reliability models and evaluation of internal BGP networks , 2004, IEEE INFOCOM 2004.

[35]  Susan Hares,et al.  A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4) , 1994, RFC.

[36]  Patrick D. McDaniel,et al.  Working around BGP: An Incremental Approach to Improving Security and Accuracy in Interdomain Routing , 2003, NDSS.

[37]  Yakov Rekhter,et al.  A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4) , 1994, RFC.

[38]  Anja Feldmann,et al.  Locating internet routing instabilities , 2004, SIGCOMM '04.

[39]  Constantinos Dovrolis,et al.  Beware of BGP attacks , 2004, CCRV.

[40]  Nicolas Dubois.  Requirements for planned maintenance of BGP sessions , 2005 .

[41]  Stephen T. Kent,et al.  Secure Border Gateway Protocol (S-BGP) , 2000, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[42]  J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves,et al.  Efficient security mechanisms for the border gateway routing protocol , 1998, Comput. Commun..

[43]  Barton P. Miller,et al.  Reliable network connections , 2002, MobiCom '02.