Electrical and pressure losses in a magnetohydrodynamic channel due to end current loops

End electrical and pressure losses are calculated for d-c magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generators, accelerators, or induction pumps having a geometry of a rectangular parallelopiped with the electric field, magnetic field, and fluid flow mutually perpendicular. For an MHD generator, having a cubic geometry, the maximum conversion efficiency is only 29%. This can be improved by increasing the length of the generator, inserting vanes, and extending the magnetic field, so that efficiencies of 90% should be attainable.