Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography # 10 . 13 The Role of Technological Gatekeepers in the Growth of Industrial Clusters : Evidence from Chile

Giuliani E. Role of technological gatekeepers in the growth of industrial clusters: evidence from Chile, Regional Studies. Industrial clusters are often associated with innovative success. However, there is very little research on what types of organizational models apply to clusters as they grow. This paper uses longitudinal micro-level data for a wine cluster in Chile. It shows that the most advanced firms in the cluster behave as technological gatekeepers – that is, they acquire knowledge outside cluster boundaries and contribute to diffusing knowledge to other local firms – and do so persistently over time. The results are explained by combining three theoretical perspectives: evolutionary economics theory; business studies on communities of practice and knowledge workers' know-how trade; and embeddedness theory. Giuliani E. 技术守门者在产业集群增长过程中的作用:来自智利的相关证据,区域研究。产业集群常常与创新成功相联系。然而,鲜有研究着重于分析组织模型在集群增长中的应用。本文利用纵向微观数据对智利的白酒产业集群进行了分析。研究表明,产业集群中最高等级的公司扮演着技术门卫的作用,即上述公司持续地在产业领域之外对所需相关知识进行了定义,同时也为知识向地方公司进行传播做出贡献。通过整合分析三个理论观点本研究对结果进行了解释:演进经济理论、针对实践型及知识型工人的“如何进行贸易”社团的商业研究,以及嵌入理论。 产业集群 技术守门者 知识网络 白酒产业 智利 Giuliani E. Le rôle des gardiens technologiques dans le développement des clusters industriels: des preuves provenant du Chili, Regional Studies. Les clusters industriels se rapportent souvent au succès de l'innovation. Cependant, rares sont les recherches sur les modèles organisationnels qui s'appliquent aux clusters au fur et à mesure de leur développement. Cet article emploie des données microéconomiques longitudinales relatives à un cluster vinicole situé au Chili. On montre que les entreprises les plus avancées du cluster se comportent en gardiens technologiques – autrement dit, elles acquièrent des connaissances au-delà des frontières du cluster et contribuent à la diffusion des connaissances à d'autres entreprises locales – ce qui continue dans le temps. On explique les résultats à partir d'une conjonction de trois facteurs théoriques; à savoir, la théorie de l'économie évolutionnaire; des études commerciales des communautés de pratique et du savoir-faire des travailleurs de la connaissance; et la théorie de l'intégration. Clusters industriels Gardiens technologiques Réseaux de connaissances Industrie vinicole Chili Giuliani E. Die Rolle von technologischen Gatekeepern für das Wachstum von Branchenclustern: Belege aus Chile, Regional Studies. Branchencluster werden oft mit innovativem Erfolg in Verbindung gebracht. Allerdings wurde bisher nur sehr wenig erforscht, welche Arten von Organisationsmodellen für im Wachstum befindliche Cluster gelten. In diesem Beitrag werden longitudinale Daten auf Mikroebene für einen Weinbau-Cluster in Chile genutzt. Es wird gezeigt, dass die fortgeschrittensten Firmen des Clusters als technologische Gatekeeper wirken: Sie verschaffen sich außerhalb der Clustergrenzen Wissen und tragen zur Weitergabe von Wissen an andere Firmen vor Ort bei – und zwar konsequent über längere Zeit hinweg. Die Ergebnisse werden durch eine Kombination aus drei theoretischen Perspektiven erklärt: evolutionäre Wirtschaftstheorie, eine betriebswirtschaftliche Untersuchung über Praxisgemeinschaften und den Wissenshandel durch Kopfarbeiter sowie die Theorie der Eingebettetheit. Branchencluster Technologische Gatekeeper Wissensnetzwerke Weinindustrie Chile Giuliani E. Papel de los guardianes tecnológicos en el crecimiento de las aglomeraciones industriales: el ejemplo de Chile, Regional Studies. Las aglomeraciones industriales se asocian con frecuencia con innovaciones fructíferas. Sin embargo, existen muy pocos estudios sobre qué tipos de modelos organizativos se aplican en las aglomeraciones en crecimiento. En este artículo utilizamos datos longitudinales a nivel micro para una aglomeración vinícola en Chile. Demostramos que las empresas más avanzadas en la aglomeración se comportan como guardianes tecnológicos: adquieren conocimientos fuera de los límites de la aglomeración y contribuyen a difundir el conocimiento a otras empresas locales, y funcionan así continuamente con el paso del tiempo. Explicamos los resultados combinando tres perspectivas teóricas: la teoría de la economía evolucionaria, los estudios comerciales sobre las comunidades de práctica y el comercio del conocimiento de trabajadores intelectuales así como la teoría de integración. Aglomeraciones industriales Guardianes tecnológicos Redes de conocimiento Industria vinícola Chile

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