Talking about Artifacts: Preschool Children's Explorations with Sketches, Stories, and Tangible Objects.

探究性学习被视为早期教育中的发展适宜性的教育实践。在探究过程中,接 触新事物能引导儿童获取知识,幼儿与一些熟悉的和不熟悉的人工制品之间的互 动能够促进他们发展的整合。探索性活动能够在任何时间自发地發生,也可以通 过设计一些有计划的活动来达到特定的课程和发展目标。本文探索了学前儿童在 不同的三种情景中的半结构探索性活动中的互动情况。来自6个不同班级的35名 4-5岁儿童被随机分到三种不同的情景中。每种情景都包括同样的13种物品,但 这些物品以不同的方式呈现,一种是在白纸上用黑色墨水画出的草图(图纸情 景),一种是儿童故事书(图书情景),一种是实物本身(实物情景)。对幼儿 在这三种情景中的探索和互动行为进行了录像,并以此分析哪种情景更能刺激和 鼓励儿童的早期工程思维。我们假设实物情景可能是最有效的。最终的结果表明, 幼儿在实物情景中讨论和互动的时间最长,而且在实物情景中,幼儿對实物的功 能用途表现出有更多的知识。至于某一特定物品或某种情景是否能够更加激发幼 儿的兴趣,三种情景都没有表现出明确的规律。最后,本文讨论了幼儿科学、技 术、工程、数学和儿童发展所带来的启示。

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