Regional terrestrial water storage and sea level variations inferred from satellite gravimetry

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) is a satellite gravimetry mission, which provides the mean and time-varying global gravity fields. In this thesis, regional terrestrial water storage and sea level variations from GRACE are investigated. Groundwater storage variations (GWS) in North China are estimated from GRACE, and compared with in situ water table observations, groundwater model, and groundwater bulletins. The rate of groundwater depletion in North China based on GRACE and land surface models is 7.1±1.0 km3/yr from 2003 to 2010. In addition, GRACE detects obvious seasonal variations of seawater mass in the northern shallow water of South China Sea (SCS). On interannual timescales, sea level fluctuations in the SCS are dominated by the thermosteric effect and driven by El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. For the Red Sea, an annual amplitude of ~18 cm mass-induced SLV is detected from GRACE and steric-corrected altimetry from 2003 to 2011, which is well explained by the water exchange between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, which is driven by the seasonal reversal of monsoon.

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