Emociones negativas y su impacto en la salud mental y física

El miedo, la tristeza, la ira y el asco son estados emocionales que, cuando son intensos y habituales, afectan negativamente la calidad de vida de las personas. En consecuencia, las emociones negativas constituyen actualmente uno de los principales factores de riesgo para contraer enfermedades fisicas y mentales. Este articulo pretende, en primer lugar, delimitar los conceptos y las caracteristicas principales de cada emocion; y segundo, sintetizar los hallazgos cientificos que avalan la influencia de las emociones negativas clasicas en el proceso salud-enfermedad. Estos fenomenos psicofisiologicos se han asociado a las enfermedades mentales y fisicas como variables influyentes en su inicio, desarrollo y mantenimiento. Por lo tanto, se revisan algunos de los vinculos entre las cuatro emociones negativas y los trastornos mentales. Tambien, se repasan las evidencias que respaldan la influencia de las emociones negativas en el desarrollo de comportamientos de riesgo para la salud fisica. Por ultimo, se describen algunos datos que apoyan el impacto de la activacion psicofisiologica emocional en los sistemas organicos, como la inmunidad, los procesos tumorales, etcetera

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