Improved performance of perylenediimide-based lasers

The aim of this work was to improve the laser performance, in terms of threshold and operational lifetime, of lasers based on polymer films doped with perylenediimide (PDI) derivatives as active media. For such purpose, we first investigated the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) properties of perylene orange (PDI-O), when doped into polystyrene (PS) films. Lower ASE thresholds and larger photostabilities than those of similar films containing another PDI derivative (PDI-C6), recently reported in the literature, have been measured. Results have been interpreted in terms of the photoluminescence efficiency of the films, which depends on the type of molecular arrangement, inferred with the help of nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. We also show that PS films have a better ASE performance, i.e. lower thresholds and larger photostabilities, than those based on poly(methyl methacrylate), which was recently highlighted as one of the best matrixes for PDI-O. Finally, a one-dimensional second-order distributed feedback laser using PS doped with PDI-O was fabricated and characterized. This device has shown a threshold significantly lower (by around one order of magnitude) than that of a similar laser based on PDI-C6-doped PS.

[1]  J. Westbrook,et al.  Lasing action in a family of perylene derivatives: singlet absorption and emission spectra, triplet absorption and oxygen quenching constants, and molecular mechanics and semiempirical molecular orbital calculations , 1992 .

[2]  T. King,et al.  Photostability enhancement of Pyrromethene 567 and Perylene Orange in oxygen-free liquid and solid dye lasers. , 1997, Applied Optics.

[3]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[4]  Brian T. Cunningham,et al.  Label free biosensor incorporating a replica-molded, vertically emitting distributed feedback laser , 2008 .

[5]  Eva M. Calzado,et al.  Effect of structural modifications in the laser properties of polymer films doped with perylenebisimide derivatives , 2009 .

[6]  G. Klebe,et al.  Crystallochromy as a solid-state effect: correlation of molecular conformation, crystal packing and colour in perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) pigments , 1989 .

[7]  E. M. Calzado,et al.  Film thickness and grating depth variation in organic second-order distributed feedback lasers , 2012 .

[8]  Alan J. Heeger,et al.  Semiconducting (Conjugated) Polymers as Materials for Solid‐State Lasers , 2000 .

[9]  Eva M. Calzado,et al.  Highly photostable organic distributed feedback laser emitting at 573 nm , 2010 .

[10]  E. M. Calzado,et al.  Concentration dependence of amplified spontaneous emission in organic-based waveguides , 2006 .

[11]  R. Gómez,et al.  Amplified spontaneous emission in polymer films doped with a perylenediimide derivative. , 2007, Applied optics.

[12]  D. Mattern,et al.  Donor-sigma-acceptor molecules incorporating a nonadecyl-swallowtailed perylenediimide acceptor. , 2003, The Journal of organic chemistry.

[13]  Andrew G. Glen,et al.  APPL , 2001 .

[14]  Mats Andersson,et al.  Semiconducting Polymers: A New Class of Solid-State Laser Materials , 1996, Science.

[15]  Nir Tessler,et al.  Lasers Based on Semiconducting Organic Materials , 1999 .

[16]  A. Kristensen,et al.  Polymer photonic crystal dye lasers as optofluidic cell sensors , 2009, 2009 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2009 Conference on Quantum electronics and Laser Science Conference.

[17]  R. Sastre,et al.  Enhanced laser action of Perylene-Red doped polymeric materials. , 2009, Optics express.

[18]  Santos Merino,et al.  Efficient organic distributed feedback lasers with imprinted active films. , 2011, Optics express.

[19]  R. H. Friend,et al.  Lasing from conjugated-polymer microcavities , 1996, Nature.

[20]  Zhiyu Wang,et al.  Laser properties and photostabilities of laser dyes doped in ORMOSILs , 2004 .

[21]  Francesco Giacalone,et al.  Concentration dependence of amplified spontaneous emission in two oligo-(p-phenylenevinylene) derivatives , 2005 .

[22]  W. Marsden.  I and J , 2012 .

[23]  J. D. Abajo,et al.  New perylene-doped polymeric thin films for efficient and long-lasting lasers , 2012 .

[24]  N. Barashkov,et al.  Calculated spectral properties of perylene orange, perylene red, and their complex with sodium azide , 2007 .

[25]  Jenny Clark,et al.  Organic photonics for communications , 2010 .

[26]  E. Hädicke,et al.  Kristallstruktur und Farbe bei Perylen‐3,4:9,10‐bis(dicarboximid)‐Pigmenten , 1980 .

[27]  M. Hansen,et al.  Columnar packing motifs of functionalized perylene derivatives: local molecular order despite long-range disorder. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[28]  P. Georges,et al.  Perylene- and pyrromethene-doped xerogel for a pulsed laser. , 1995, Applied optics.

[29]  J. Duff,et al.  Crystal and Molecular Structures of Six Differently with Halogen Substituted Bis (benzylimido) perylene , 2000 .

[30]  Graham A. Turnbull,et al.  Hybrid optoelectronics: A polymer laser pumped by a nitride light-emitting diode , 2008 .

[31]  Ifor D. W. Samuel,et al.  Organic semiconductor lasers. , 2007 .

[32]  Andrew Slark,et al.  The effect of polymer structure on specific interactions between dye solutes and polymers , 1999 .

[33]  M. G. Ramírez,et al.  Thickness dependence of amplified spontaneous emission in low-absorbing organic waveguides. , 2012, Applied optics.

[34]  E. Hädicke,et al.  Structures of eleven perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) pigments , 1986 .

[35]  J. Mizuguchi,et al.  Electronic Structure of Perylene Pigments as Viewed from the Crystal Structure and Excitonic Interactions , 2002 .

[36]  S. Valiyaveettil,et al.  Concentration effects on emission of bay-substituted perylene diimide derivatives in a polymer matrix , 2012 .

[37]  Eva M. Calzado,et al.  Effect of Structural Modifications in the Spectral and Laser Properties of Perylenediimide Derivatives , 2007 .

[38]  Donal D. C. Bradley,et al.  Efficient energy transfer in organic thin films—implications for organic lasers , 2002 .

[39]  P. Georges,et al.  Toward millions of laser pulses with pyrromethene- and perylene-doped xerogels. , 1997, Applied optics.

[40]  Roald Hoffmann,et al.  A THEORETICAL STUDY OF CRYSTALLOCHROMY. QUANTUM INTERFERENCE EFFECTS IN THE SPECTRA OF PERYLENE PIGMENTS , 1994 .

[41]  Alan J. Heeger,et al.  Amplified spontaneous emission from photopumped films of a conjugated polymer , 1998 .

[42]  Nobuaki Tanaka,et al.  Photodegradation of polymer-dispersed perylene di-imide dyes. , 2006, Applied optics.