Menstruation and Menstrual Disorders

TO-DAY it is regarded as an axiom that functional uterine bleedings, so interesting to the gynaecologist, are due to a disturbance of the endocrine balance which maintains the normal menstrual cycle. It is impossible, therefore, to appreciate the proper significance of these pathological bleedings unless we are well grounded in the physiology of menstruation. Since fresh discoveries are constantly being made in this fascinating field of study, it is necessary that we should revise from time to time our conceptions in regard to the nature and cause of functional uterine bleedings in the light of the most recent advances in the physiology of menstruation. In the interpretation of the menstrual cycle two separate but closely related problems can be distinguished. The first concerns the physiological determinants of menstrual bleeding, and the second the relation between the rhythmical phases of the menstrual cycle and those of the sexua.1 cycle in the lower animals.

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