Anatomic determinants of atrial arrhythmias: New insights from three-dimensional mapping.

The recent development of new technologies for in vivo three-dimensional mapping of arrhythmias has enabled a better understanding of the richness of intracardiac anatomy and the relationship between anatomy and arrhythmogenesis. In the present manuscript we review two new technologies for in vivo mapping of atrial arrhythmias and explores the degree to which the anatomic complexity they reveal is important in determining the physiology of both focal and macroreentrant atrial tachycardias. These observations highlight the importance of including sufficient anatomic detail in modeling studies aimed at elucidating the pathophysiology of atrial arrhythmias. (c) 2002 American Institute of Physics.

[1]  G. V. Van Hare,et al.  Mapping and radiofrequency ablation of intraatrial reentrant tachycardia after the Senning or Mustard procedure for transposition ofthe great arteries. , 1996, The American journal of cardiology.

[2]  P. Boyden Models of Atrial Reentry , 1995, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[3]  S. Markowitz,et al.  Atrial Tachycardia: Update , 1999 .

[4]  F. Cosío,et al.  Radiofrequency ablation of the inferior vena cava-tricuspid valve isthmus in common atrial flutter. , 1993, The American journal of cardiology.

[5]  A. Garson,et al.  Electrophysiologic studies of supraventricular tachycardia in children. I. Clinical-electrophysiologic correlations. , 1981, American heart journal.

[6]  J. Olgin,et al.  Ablation of 'incisional' reentrant atrial tachycardia complicating surgery for congenital heart disease. Use of entrainment to define a critical isthmus of conduction. , 1996, Circulation.

[7]  M S Spach,et al.  The Functional Role of Structural Complexities in the Propagation of Depolarization in the Atrium of the Dog: Cardiac Conduction Disturbances Due to Discontinuities of Effective Axial Resistivity , 1982, Circulation research.

[8]  V. Poutanen,et al.  Assessment of left atrial volumes and phasic function using cine magnetic resonance imaging in normal subjects. , 1994, The American journal of cardiology.

[9]  A SippensGroenewegen,et al.  Use of electroanatomic mapping to delineate transseptal atrial conduction in humans. , 1999, Circulation.

[10]  J. Kalman,et al.  To Fumble Flutter or Tackle “Tach”? Toward Updated Classifiers for Atrial Tachyarrhythmias , 1996, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[11]  B. Lerman,et al.  Evidence for functionally distinct dual atrial inputs to the human AV node. , 1994, The American journal of physiology.

[12]  F. Marchlinski,et al.  Conduction block in the inferior vena caval-tricuspid valve isthmus: association with outcome of radiofrequency ablation of type I atrial flutter. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[13]  A. Waldo,et al.  Conduction left-to-right and right-to-left across the crista terminalis. , 2001, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[14]  Mark E. Josephson,et al.  Nonfluoroscopic, in vivo navigation and mapping technology , 1996, Nature Medicine.

[15]  W. Jackman,et al.  Images in cardiovascular medicine. Human left ventricular endocardial activation mapping using a novel noncontact catheter. , 1997, Circulation.

[16]  L. Epstein,et al.  Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial arrhythmias. Results and mechanisms. , 1994, Circulation.

[17]  J. Saul,et al.  Transcatheter Ablation of Ectopic Atrial Tachycardia in Young Patients Using Radiofrequency Current , 1992, Circulation.

[18]  A. Kadish,et al.  Mapping of atrial activation with a noncontact, multielectrode catheter in dogs. , 1999, Circulation.

[19]  C. Henriquez,et al.  A computer model of normal conduction in the human atria. , 2000, Circulation research.

[20]  J. Olgin,et al.  Role of right atrial endocardial structures as barriers to conduction during human type I atrial flutter. Activation and entrainment mapping guided by intracardiac echocardiography. , 1995, Circulation.

[21]  D. Shah,et al.  Three-dimensional mapping of the common atrial flutter circuit in the right atrium. , 1997, Circulation.

[22]  T. Betts,et al.  Feasibility of a Left Atrial Electrical Disconnection Procedure for Atrial Fibrillation Using Transcatheter Radiofrequency Ablation , 2001, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[23]  C. Tai,et al.  Initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating from the pulmonary veins: electrophysiological characteristics, pharmacological responses, and effects of radiofrequency ablation. , 1999, Circulation.

[24]  W G Stevenson,et al.  Entrainment Techniques for Mapping Atrial and Ventricular Tachycardias , 1995, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[25]  C. Tracy,et al.  Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ectopic atrial tachycardia using paced activation sequence mapping. , 1993, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[26]  S. Markowitz,et al.  Differential Effects of Adenosine on Focal and Macroreentrant Atrial Tachycardia , 1999, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

[27]  D. Geselowitz,et al.  The Discontinuous Nature of Propagation in Normal Canine Cardiac Muscle: Evidence for Recurrent Discontinuities of Intracellular Resistance that Affect the Membrane Currents , 1981, Circulation research.

[28]  B. Lindsay,et al.  Catheter ablation of clinical intraatrial reentrant tachycardias resulting from previous atrial surgery: localizing and transecting the critical isthmus. , 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[29]  R. Barr,et al.  Excitation Sequences of the Atrial Septum and the AV Node in Isolated Hearts of the Dog and Rabbit , 1971, Circulation research.

[30]  J. Olgin,et al.  "Cristal tachycardias": origin of right atrial tachycardias from the crista terminalis identified by intracardiac echocardiography. , 1998, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[31]  L. Gepstein,et al.  A novel method for nonfluoroscopic catheter-based electroanatomical mapping of the heart. In vitro and in vivo accuracy results. , 1997, Circulation.

[32]  N. Peters,et al.  Simultaneous endocardial mapping in the human left ventricle using a noncontact catheter: comparison of contact and reconstructed electrograms during sinus rhythm. , 1998, Circulation.

[33]  G. Kay,et al.  Radiofrequency ablation for treatment of primary atrial tachycardias. , 1993, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[34]  M. Lesh,et al.  Electrophysiology of “Incisional” Reentrant Atrial Tachycardia Complicating Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease , 1997, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[35]  A. Dagianti,et al.  Estimation of Right Atrial Volume and Function by an Online Echocardiographic Edge Detection System , 1998, Echocardiography.