Zirconia-based solid electrolytes: microstructure, stability and ionic conductivity

The oxygen-ion conducting properties of cubic, partially stabilized and tetragonal zirconia materials have been described. The ionic conductivity depends on the dopant type (size, valence), dopant concentration and phase assemblage. A brief account of the phase assemblage expected in commonly used binary and some ternary zirconia (with CaO, MgO, Y2O3, Sc2O3 and rare-earth oxides) systems is given. A large number of zirconia-based solid electrolytes show time-dependent conductivity behavior above about 700°C either as a result of the materials being in the two-phase field or due to ordering process. The effect of powder and ceramic fabrication and post-sinter annealing on the bulk phase assemblage and grain boundary segregation and their impact on the lattice and grain boundary resistivities has been considered.

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