A System for Face Localization and Facial Feature Extraction

|In this paper we present a way to regard the combined face detection and facial feature extraction problem as an optimization problem. This problem is of too high computational complexity to be of practical use, and we investigate diierent methods to reduce the complexity. Our proposed system uses techniques known from the literature (skin colour classifca-tion, statistical pattern matching, ...) as well as a novel method based on a deformable graph and an extended Viterbi algorithm.

[1]  Qian Chen,et al.  Face Detection From Color Images Using a Fuzzy Pattern Matching Method , 1999, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[2]  Parke,et al.  Parameterized Models for Facial Animation , 1982, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[3]  Alok Gupta,et al.  Dynamic Programming for Detecting, Tracking, and Matching Deformable Contours , 1995, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[4]  Gunnar Farnebäck Spatial Domain Methods for Orientation and Velocity Estimation , 1999 .

[5]  D. Maio,et al.  Fast Face Location in Complex Backgrounds , 1998 .

[6]  Markus Kampmann Estimation of the chin and cheek contours for precise face model adaptation , 1997, Proceedings of International Conference on Image Processing.

[7]  Haibo Li,et al.  Automatic extraction of human facial features , 1996, Signal Process. Image Commun..

[8]  Ian Craw,et al.  Automatic extraction of face-features , 1987, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[9]  Fabio Lavagetto,et al.  The facial animation engine: toward a high-level interface for the design of MPEG-4 compliant animated faces , 1999, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[10]  J. Ahlberg Extraction and Coding of Face Model Parameters , 1999 .

[11]  Jörn Ostermann,et al.  Object-oriented analysis-synthesis coding of moving images , 1989, Signal Process. Image Commun..

[12]  Van Nostrand,et al.  Error Bounds for Convolutional Codes and an Asymptotically Optimum Decoding Algorithm , 1967 .

[13]  Timothy F. Cootes,et al.  Active Appearance Models , 2001, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[14]  Haibo Li Facial Texture Compression for Model-based Coding , 1998 .

[15]  Milan Sonka,et al.  Image Processing, Analysis and Machine Vision , 1993, Springer US.

[16]  Haibo Li,et al.  Very Low Bit Rate Facial Texture Coding , 1997 .

[17]  Patrick Pérez,et al.  Generalized likelihood ratio-based face detection and extraction of mouth features , 1997, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[18]  D. E. Pearson,et al.  Developments in model-based video coding , 1995, Proc. IEEE.

[19]  Stuart E. Dreyfus,et al.  Applied Dynamic Programming , 1965 .

[20]  Fabio Lavagetto,et al.  MPEG-4: Audio/video and synthetic graphics/audio for mixed media , 1997, Signal Process. Image Commun..

[22]  Aljoscha Smolic,et al.  Real-time estimation of long-term 3-D motion parameters for SNHC face animation and model-based coding applications , 1999, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[23]  Gunnar Farnebäck A Unified Framework for Bases, Frames, Subspace Bases, and Subspace Frames , 1999 .

[24]  Pertti Roivainen,et al.  3-D Motion Estimation in Model-Based Facial Image Coding , 1993, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[25]  Liang Zhang,et al.  Estimation of the mouth features using deformable templates , 1997, Proceedings of International Conference on Image Processing.

[26]  Haibo Li,et al.  Representing and compressing facial animation parameters using facial action basis functions , 1999, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[27]  J. Salz,et al.  Algorithms for estimation of three-dimensional motion , 1985, AT&T Technical Journal.

[28]  Niclas Wiberg,et al.  Codes and Decoding on General Graphs , 1996 .

[29]  Shu Lin,et al.  Error control coding : fundamentals and applications , 1983 .

[30]  Margrit Betke,et al.  Fast object recognition in noisy images using simulated annealing , 1995, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[31]  J. Omura,et al.  On the Viterbi decoding algorithm , 1969, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[32]  Alex Pentland,et al.  Recursive Estimation of Motion, Structure, and Focal Length , 1995, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[33]  John Daugman,et al.  High Confidence Visual Recognition of Persons by a Test of Statistical Independence , 1993, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[34]  Wei Wu,et al.  Compression of MPEG-4 facial animation parameters for transmission of talking heads , 1999, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[35]  Haibo Li,et al.  Image sequence coding at very low bit rates: a review , 1994, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[36]  Kiyoharu Aizawa,et al.  MODEL-BASED VIDEO CODING , 1996 .

[37]  Verónica Vilaplana,et al.  Region-based segmentation and tracking of human faces , 1998, 9th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 1998).

[38]  Jian Kang Wu,et al.  A Practical Automatic Face Recognition System , 1998 .