Classification of Ten Skin Lesion Classes: Hierarchical KNN versus Deep Net

This paper investigates the visual classification of the 10 skin lesions most commonly encountered in a clinical setting (including melanoma (MEL) and melanocytic nevi (ML)), unlike the majority of previous research that focuses solely on melanoma versus melanocytic nevi classification. Two families of architectures are explored: (1) semi-learned hierarchical classifiers and (2) deep net classifiers. Although many applications have benefited by switching to a deep net architecture, here there is little accuracy benefit: hierarchical KNN classifier 78.1%, flat deep net 78.7% and refined hierarchical deep net 80.1% (all 5 fold cross-validated). The classifiers have comparable or higher accuracy than the five previous research results that have used the Edinburgh DERMOFIT 10 lesion class dataset. More importantly, from a clinical perspective, the proposed hierarchical KNN approach produces: (1) 99.5% separation of melanoma from melanocytic nevi (76 MEL & 331 ML samples), (2) 100% separation of melanoma from seborrheic keratosis (SK) (76 MEL & 256 SK samples), and (3) 90.6% separation of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) plus squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from seborrheic keratosis (SK) (327 BCC/SCC & 256 SK samples). Moreover, combining classes BCC/SCC & ML/SK to give a modified 8 class hierarchical KNN classifier gives a considerably improved 87.1% accuracy. On the other hand, the deepnet binary cancer/non-cancer classifier had better performance (0.913) than the KNN classifier (0.874). In conclusion, there is not much difference between the two families of approaches, and that performance is approaching clinically useful rates.