Effects of Saturation for High-Throughput Satellite Buses

Bus saturation is deemed as one of the primary causes of delays in the data propagation between spacecraft components. However, the conditions under which bus congestion can affect measurements variability were not well characterized before. This paper presents a bus saturation model and a set of experiments to characterize the bus performance of satellite missions for different traffic load, data rate, and synchronization periods. The results showed an increase of measurements variance of up to 18% caused by bus saturation. Additionally, an algorithm was proposed to reduce the data delay by controlling the saturation on the communication channel at the operational level.

[1]  M. Khurram,et al.  CAN as a spacecraft communication bus in LEO satellite mission , 2005, Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, 2005. RAST 2005..

[2]  José Alberto Fonseca,et al.  The FTT-CAN protocol: why and how , 2002, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[3]  F. Daum.  Nonlinear filters: beyond the Kalman filter , 2005, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[4]  Morio Toyoshima,et al.  Trends in satellite communications and the role of optical free-space communications [Invited] , 2005 .

[5]  Peng Shi,et al.  Distributed attitude control for multiple spacecraft with communication delays , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[6]  Ingram Olkin,et al.  A Family of Bivariate Distributions Generated by the Bivariate Bernoulli Distribution , 1985 .

[7]  Andy J. Wellings,et al.  Analysing real-time communications: controller area network (CAN) , 1994, 1994 Proceedings Real-Time Systems Symposium.

[8]  Harold L. Alexander,et al.  State estimation for distributed systems with sensing delay , 1991, Defense, Security, and Sensing.

[9]  Bruno Sinopoli,et al.  Kalman filtering with intermittent observations , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[10]  P.K. Varshney,et al.  Optimal Data Fusion in Multiple Sensor Detection Systems , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[11]  David Joseph Morris.  Communication for command and control systems , 1983 .

[12]  Wolfhard Lawrenz,et al.  CAN system engineering - from theory to practical applications , 1997 .

[13]  D. A. Gwaltney,et al.  Comparison of Communication Architectures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics Systems , 2006 .

[14]  Kevin R. Fall,et al.  A delay-tolerant network architecture for challenged internets , 2003, SIGCOMM '03.

[15]  Tor Arne Johansen,et al.  Gain-scheduled wheel slip control in automotive brake systems , 2003, IEEE Trans. Control. Syst. Technol..

[16]  Dominique Paret.  Multiplexed Networks for Embedded Systems: CAN, LIN, FlexRay, Safe-by-Wire , 2014 .

[17]  Yaakov Bar-Shalom,et al.  Update with out-of-sequence measurements in tracking: exact solution , 2000, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing.

[18]  Moll Florian,et al.  Aerospace laser communications technology as enabler for worldwide quantum key distribution , 2016 .

[19]  Alan Burns,et al.  Timely use of the CAN protocol in critical hard real-time systems with faults , 2001, Proceedings 13th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems.

[20]  Huijun Gao,et al.  Network-Induced Constraints in Networked Control Systems—A Survey , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[21]  Youmin Zhang,et al.  Fault tolerant control system design with explicit consideration of performance degradation , 2003 .

[22]  Thomas G. Robertazzi,et al.  Distributed computation with communication delay (distributed intelligent sensor networks) , 1988 .

[23]  Thomas G. Robertazzi,et al.  Distributed computation for a tree network with communication delays , 1990 .

[24]  Ian R. Petersen,et al.  Wheel Slip Control in ABS Brakes using Gain Scheduled Optimal Control with Constraints , 2003 .

[25]  Qing-Long Han,et al.  Distributed networked control systems: A brief overview , 2017, Inf. Sci..

[26]  Y. Tipsuwan,et al.  Control methodologies in networked control systems , 2003 .

[27]  Kathleen Riesing,et al.  Development of a pointing, acquisition, and tracking system for a CubeSat optical communication module , 2015, Photonics West - Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering.

[28]  Haklin Kimm,et al.  Controller Area Network for fault tolerant small satellite system design , 2014, 2014 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE).

[29]  Eberhard Gill,et al.  Design status of the Delfi-Next nanosatellite project , 2010 .

[30]  Jianbin Qiu,et al.  Network-Based Fuzzy Control for Nonlinear Industrial Processes With Predictive Compensation Strategy , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems.

[31]  W. Marsden.  I and J , 2012 .

[32]  Jamie S. Evans,et al.  Kalman filtering with faded measurements , 2009, Autom..