The latency of saccades toward auditory targets in humans.

Auditory targets can be used to evoke saccadic eye movements since they provide a position reference signal in space. Comparison of the characteristics of saccades evoked by both visual and auditory stimuli can give further information on the oculomotor control system. In particular, the latency of auditory saccades evoked in different experimental situations, such as the step, gap and overlap protocols, and with different starting positions of the eyes in the orbit can provide useful insight into the central processing underlying saccade generation. The aim of this chapter is to provide a review of auditory saccade characteristics and to present latency data obtained in human subjects in different experimental conditions.

[1]  Giovanni Magenes,et al.  A Stochastic Model of Central Processing in the Generation of Fixation Saccades , 1982 .

[2]  L. Dell’Osso,et al.  Audio-ocular response: saccadic programming. , 1984, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[3]  C. J. Savage,et al.  Auditory-visual interaction in the generation of saccades in man , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[4]  D. Kurylo,et al.  Effects of eye position on auditory localization and neural representation of space in superior colliculus of cats , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[5]  Daniela Zambarbieri,et al.  Saccade latency toward auditory targets depends on the relative position of the sound source with respect to the eyes , 1995, Vision Research.

[6]  C. Prablanc,et al.  Saccadic responses evoked by presentation of visual and auditory targets , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[7]  M. Saslow.  Effects of components of displacement-step stimuli upon latency for saccadic eye movement. , 1967, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[8]  P. Maruff,et al.  The gap effect and express saccades in the auditory modality , 1998, Experimental Brain Research.

[9]  G. S. Russo,et al.  Frontal eye field activity preceding aurally guided saccades. , 1994, Journal of neurophysiology.

[10]  E J Engelken,et al.  Saccadic eye movements in response to visual, auditory, and bisensory stimuli. , 1989, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[11]  P. Reuter-Lorenz,et al.  Fixation-point offsets reduce the latency of saccades to acoustic targets , 1991, Perception & psychophysics.

[12]  John A. Baro,et al.  Effects of eye position on saccadic eye movements and on the neuronal responses to auditory and visual stimuli in cat superior colliculus , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[13]  David L. Sparks,et al.  Auditory receptive fields in primate superior colliculus shift with changes in eye position , 1984, Nature.

[14]  C. K. Peck,et al.  Saccadic eye movements to visual and auditory targets , 1997, Experimental Brain Research.

[15]  M. Crommelinck,et al.  Physiological and Pathological Aspects of Eye Movements , 1982, Documenta Ophthalmologica Proceedings Series.

[16]  R. Klein,et al.  Saccadic Performance as a Function of the Presence and Disappearance of Auditory and Visual Fixation Stimuli , 1999, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[17]  D L Sparks,et al.  Sensorimotor integration in the primate superior colliculus. II. Coordinates of auditory signals. , 1987, Journal of neurophysiology.

[18]  L F Dell'Osso,et al.  Audio-ocular response characteristics. , 1978, Sensory processes.