An energy balance clustering algorithm for code dissemination in wireless sensor networks

Network reprogramming provides an effective solution to introduce new functionality or fixing bugs after the deployment through code dissemination over wireless transmission in wireless sensor networks. However, the Deluge and its variant have disadvantages including unbalanced energy consumption and redundant information. An energy balance clustering algorithm for code dissemination is proposed to improve those problems, which firstly introduces comprehensive weight composed of the hop gradient, residual energy and time factor to choose the cluster heads. Secondly, the proposed algorithm organizes the hierarchical structure, in which the clusters closer to the base station have smaller size. For inter-cluster code dissemination, the proposed algorithm adopts multi-hop routing system to reduce and balance the energy along the minimum spanning tree (MST) path. Simulation results demonstrate that the protocol can efficiently decrease the dead speed of the nodes, balance the energy dissipation of all nodes, and prolong the network lifetime.